ISSN : 1229-0653
본 연구는 아동 성폭력 사건에 대한 유무죄 심증이 피해자 진술 신빙성 판단에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 총 44명의 진술분석 전문가 및 비전문가들이 실험에 참여하였다. 전체 참가자 중 절반은 유죄 심증 형성 증거를 제공 받았으며, 나머지 절반은 무죄 심증 형성 정보를 제공 받았다. 이후 모든 참가자들은 동일한 아동 성폭력 사건에 대하여 준거기반내용분석(Criteria Based Content Analysis; CBCA)을 실시하였다. CBCA는 성폭력 피해 아동 진술의 신빙성을 판단하는 도구로 점수가 높을수록 피해 내용이 진실일 가능성을 시사한다. 연구 결과 유죄 심증 집단의 CBCA 점수는 무죄 심증 집단의 CBCA 점수보다 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 유죄 심증 집단은 무죄 심증 집단에 비해 피해 아동 진술이 더 일관적이며(준거1. 논리적 일관성), 구체적(준거4 맥락상 깊이)이라고 평가하였다. 전문가 집단은 비전문가 집단 보다 피해자 진술의 신빙성이 더 높으며, 더 많은 CBCA 준거가 존재하는 것으로 평가하였다. 다만 유무죄 심증과 전문성 간 상호작용 효과는 존재하지 않아, 심증 효과는 전문가 집단과 비전문가 집단 간에 유사한 방식으로 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 진술신빙성 판단 시 심증의 효과를 감소시킬 수 있는 방안에 대해 논의하였다.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of evaluators’ presumption of guilty/innocent conviction of child sexual abuse cases on assessing credibility of allegedly abused child victims’ statements with CBCA(Criteria-Based Content Analysis). Total 44 CBCA experts and non-experts participated in the experiment. A half of them were provided with evidence tending to prove the suspect’s guilt, whereas the other half were provided with evidence of presumably not guilt, before they evaluated the existing 19 CBCA criteria and statement credibility and suspicion in general with the same case. The results showed that the guilt-biased group had significantly higher total CBCA scores than the innocent-biased group did, with higher scores in Criterion1(logical consistency) and Criterion4(reported accurately but not understood). The expert group evaluated significantly more CBCA criteria existed than the non-expert group but there was no significant interaction effect of guilty/innocent presumption and their expertise. Lastly, this study discussed cognitive bias possibly related when assessing credibility of child sexual abuse allegation and ways of reducing the potential for biased judgements.
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