사후가정사고와 사고통제방략이 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향
The Influence of Counterfactual Thinking and Thought Control Strategies on Posttraumatic Growth
박기환 (가톨릭대학교)
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초록
본 연구는 사후가정사고와 사고통제방략이 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 선행 연구에 따르면, 사후가정사고는 방향과 기능에 따라 각각 상향식과 하향식으로 분류되며, 그 중 상향식 사후가정사고는 미래준비기능을, 하향식 사후가정사고는 정서적 기능을 수행하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이에 본 연구는 사후가정사고를 상향식과 하향식으로 분류하여 각 사후가정사고가 사고통제방략과 함께 외상 후 성장을 예언하는 변인인지 확인해보고, 변인들 간의 상호작용 효과가 존재하는지 알아보기 위해 외상 사건을 경험한 대학생 이상 일반 성인 438명(남자 138명, 여자 300명)을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 사고통제방략은 외상 후 성장을 유의하게 예언하였으나 상향식 사후가정사고는 외상 후 성장을 예언하지 못하였으며, 두 변인 간의 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 하향식 사후가정사고와 사고통제방략은 모두 외상 후 성장을 유의하게 예언하였으며 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 외상 사건과 같이 드물게 일어나고 극심한 심적 고통을 동반하는 경우에는, 상향식 사후가정사고의 미래준비기능은 제대로 발휘되기 어려우나, 불쾌한 정서를 완화시키기 위해 긍정적인 방향으로 사건의 원인과 의미에 대해 고려해보는 하향식 사후가정사고의 정서적 기능은 외상 후 성장에 도움이 됨을 시사한다.
- keywords
- posttraumatic growth, upward counterfactuals, downward counterfactuals, thought control strategies, 외상 후 성장, 상향식 사후가정사고, 하향식 사후가정사고, 사고통제방략, posttraumatic growth, upward counterfactuals, downward counterfactuals, thought control strategies
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of counterfactual thinking and thought control strategies on posttraumatic growth. According to previous research, counterfactual thoughts could be categorized into upward versus downward with respect to the direction and functions. Upward counterfactuals serve preparative functions, and Downward counterfactuals serve affective functions. Based on this viewpoint, counterfactual thoughts were divided into two types(upward versus downward) in this study. We examined whether counterfactual thoughts and thought control strategies could predict posttraumatic growth, and whether there were interaction effects between counterfactual thoughts and thought control strategies on posttraumatic growth. For this purpose, the questionnaire including Traumatic Experience Schedule, Counterfactual Thinking for Negative Events Scale(CTNES), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI), Thought Control Questionnaire(TCQ) and Social Desirability Scale(SDS) were completed by 438 adults(138 men and 300 women) who had experienced traumatic events before. The results were as follows. First, thought control strategies predicted posttraumatic growth significantly, but upward counterfactuals did not. And, there were no interaction effects between upward counterfactuals and thought control strategies on posttraumatic growth. Second, thought control strategies and downward counterfactuals predicted posttraumatic growth significantly, and there were no interaction effects between the two. In this light, this study suggests that preparative functions of upward counterfactuals can not demonstrate in traumatic events which happen very rarely and arouse severe psychological distress. However affective functions of downward counterfactuals can help posttraumatic growth by considering reason and meaning of the traumatic event in a positive direction to decrease negative emotions.
- keywords
- posttraumatic growth, upward counterfactuals, downward counterfactuals, thought control strategies, 외상 후 성장, 상향식 사후가정사고, 하향식 사후가정사고, 사고통제방략, posttraumatic growth, upward counterfactuals, downward counterfactuals, thought control strategies
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