청소년의 행복과 심리적 특성과의 관계에서 감사성향과 사회적 지지의 중재모형
Moderating Model of Gratitude and Social Support on the Relationship between Happiness and Psychological Characteristics in Adolescents
송민경 (경기대학교)
김청송 (경기대학교)
초록
본 연구에서는 개인의 심리적 특성에 따라 행복감에 미치는 감사성향과 사회적 지지가 직접적인 주효과와 완충효과가 어떻게 나타나는지 구체화시키고, 이러한 조절효과가 청소년시기에도 나타나는지 확인하고자 하였다. 연구결과 신경증적 경향성과 행복감간의 관계는 인지적인 정서조절이라는 대처유형에 따라 달라지기 때문이라고 가정하였으나, 부적응적 정서조절의 매개효과가 성립되지 않았다. 오히려 신경증적 경향성과 행복감과의 관계에서 부적응적 정서조절의 허위효과(spurious-effect model)모형이 입증되었다. 행복과의 관계가 일관되게 나타나는 외향성이 인지조절과 감사성향에 의해 그 효과가 증폭되는지 검증한 결과, 외향성과 행복과의 관계에서 감사성향과 적응적 정서조절의 이중매개모형(dual mediation)이 확인되었다. 청소년의 행복에 있어서 감사성향과 사회적 지지가 매개(mediation) 역할을 수행하였다. 또한 이 모델에서는 자기애 집단(자기주도적 자기애, 타인의존적 자기애)에 따라 감사성향과 행복과의 관계에서 사회적 지지가 매개역할을 하기도 하고(자기주도적 자기애) 하지 않기도 하는(타인의존적 자기애) 중재된 매개(moderated mediation) 관계가 확인되었다. 본 연구는 행복감에 대하여 감사성향과 사회적 지지가 매개하거나 증폭시키고 완충하는 중재효과를 구체적으로 모형화 함으로써 행복감을 촉진시키는 맞춤형 교육조건들을 시사하고 있다.
- keywords
- Happiness, Psychological traits, gratitude, social support, moderating/mediating model, 행복, 심리적 특질, 감사성향, 사회적지지, 중재모형
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate an integrative moderating model of happiness which incorporated gratitude as well as cognitive and emotional factors. The Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI), Gratitude Questionnaire–6 (GQ-6), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Eysenck Personality Scale (EPS), and the CERQ criteria were adapted to assess the model of happiness of adolescents. Four hundred thirty eight (438) middle and high school students who completed thee self report in Kyung-Gi-Do, Korea, were studied. Path analysis showed that there was a spurious effect on emotional adjustment relations between neuroticism and happiness; whereas gratitude and adaptive emotional adjustment had a dual mediate relation between extraversion and happiness. It was found that a narcissistic personality was a moderating predictor on the mediating variable of social support, and on personality traits and gratitude for happiness. The research outcomes proved that the gratitude and social support moderating model of happiness of adolescents were effective. These findings suggested that the tailored-treatment of gratitude on happiness might be an effective intervention. These results were discussed in the contexts of life span development, and the validity of stress severity on adolescents.
- keywords
- Happiness, Psychological traits, gratitude, social support, moderating/mediating model, 행복, 심리적 특질, 감사성향, 사회적지지, 중재모형
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