외현기억과 암묵기억의 해리 및 외상 후 스트레스 증상에서 외상관련 자극의 인지적 처리과정의 영향 : 태안의 기름 유출사고 피해지역 중학생을 대상으로
The Effects of Cognitive Processing Strategies for Trauma-Related Cues on Explicit/Implicit Memory Dissociation and Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms for Students in Junior High School at Taean Disaster Site
김교헌 (충남대학교)
초록
본 연구는 외상의 처리수준이 암묵기억의 향상과 외현기억의 결핍이라는 기억의 해리 및 외상 후 스트레스 반응에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 기억과제 실험 패러다임을 통해 밝히고자 하였다. 연구에는 태안 기름유출 사고 지역의 중학생들 중 총 16명이 실험집단에 참여하였고, 대전시에 위치한 중학교 학생 중 총 20명이 통제집단에 참여하였다. 연구 결과, 외상을 경험한 집단은 외상을 경험하지 않은 집단에 비해 외상관련 자극을 자료주도적으로 처리할 때 개념주도적으로 처리할 때보다 높은 기억의 해리 현상을 보였으며, 외상을 경험한 집단이 외상관련 자극을 개념주도적으로 처리하면, 일정시간이 경과한 후에 외상후 스트레스 증상이 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는, 외상의 정교화 과정이 병리적인 기억패턴의 형성이나 외상후스트레스 증상의 발달을 예방하고 감소시키는데 중요한 역할을 함을 의미하는 것이다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계와 의의를 논의하였다.
- keywords
- 외상, 인지적 처리과정, 암묵기억, 외현기억, 기억의 해리, 외상후스트레스증상, trauma, cognitive processing strategies, explicit/implicit memory
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of cognitive processing strategies on explicit/implicit memory dissociation and post-traumatic stress symptoms for students in junior high school at Taean disaster site. This study involves sixteen subjects who experienced the oil-spill accident. The control group involves twenty subjects who live in Daejeon and hence did not experience the oil-spill accident. The results indicate that data-driven processing was related to the enhanced implicit memory and explicit memory deficit (memory dissociation) with trauma related cues in the trauma group compared to the non-trauma group. Moreover, data-driven processing increased PTSD severity in the trauma group compared to the non-trauma group, whereas conceptual processing reduced PTSD severity. The results support the viability of the distinction between data-driven/ conceptually-driven processing for the understanding of memory quality and the development of PTSD(Brewin et al., 1996; Conway, 1990; Ehlers & Clark, 2000; Foa et al., 1989). These results were discussed in terms of relevance to the previous studies. And the limitations of the present study were suggested for further study.
- keywords
- 외상, 인지적 처리과정, 암묵기억, 외현기억, 기억의 해리, 외상후스트레스증상, trauma, cognitive processing strategies, explicit/implicit memory
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