The Korean Journal of Health Psychology
- Log In/Sign Up
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-070X
- E-ISSN2713-9581
- KCI
Does The Sleep and Emotion Regulation Mediates The Effects of Stress and Worry on Well-being?
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to research the effect of sleep on welling in relation to stress and worry. Four hundred forty nine students in Seoul and Gyeongnam province, have been divided into 239 male students and 210 female students. The following tests and questionnaires have been performed on them: life stress scale for college students. Penn State Worry Questionnaire(PSWQ), emotion regulation strategies questionnaire(ERSQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Test (PSQI), physical symptom scale, Korean Depression Scale(KDS), functional status questionnaire(FSQ). In order to analyze the relation between them, a structural equation has been applied; as a result, both partial mediating model and full mediating model correspond with the collected data only in the women group. As a result of a direct comparison between the two models, the full mediating model is superior to the other one. Comparing and evaluating the two alternative models' goodness of fit, the simple effect model has not been supported, but the alternative model has been satisfactory in mediating the relation between worry and sleep. However, in direct comparison with the full mediating model, the full mediating model turns out to be more appropriate. These results imply that stress, worry, emotion regulation and sleep do not influence well-being respectively, but it is clear that they are related to one another and affect well-being. In addition, they suggest that the management of sleep, as well as that of stress and worry, is essential in order to sustain a firm physical, psychological and social function. Lastly, the limitations and further direction of this study have been discussed.
- keywords
- 수면, 스트레스, 걱정, 정서조절, 안녕, sleep, stress, worry, emotion regulation, well-being
Reference
고경봉 (1988). 내과계 입원환자들에서 정신신체장애의유병율과 스트레스 지각. 신경정신의학: 27(3),525-533.
김대업 (2008). AMOS A to Z, 논문작성절차에 따른 구조방정식 모형분석. 학연사
김득희 (2008). 구직자의 스트레스 대처방식이 정서 및신체건강에 미치는 영향. 상주대학교 산업대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
김병옥 (2007). 저소득층 아동의 스트레스 대처전략 및정서조절 능력과 행동 문제간의 관계. 전북대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
김봉환 외 (2004). 학교진로상담. 서울: 학지사
김인자 (2001) 여성의 수면장애와 우울에 관한 연구.이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
김정원, 민병배 (1998). 걱정과 불확실성에 대한 인내력부족 및 문제해결방식과의 관계. 한국심리학회 연차학술발표대회 논문집. 한국심리학회.
김종군, 김정미, 최미경 (2003). 서울시내 직장인의 스트레스와 식생활 관리. 한국조리과학회지: 19권,4호.
민경환, 김지현, 윤석빈, 장승민 (2000). 부정적 정서조절 방략에 관한 연구: 정서종류와 개인 변인에따른 정서조절 양식의 차이. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 14(2), 1-16.
변영순, 정은주 (1999). 성격유형과 우울정도에 따른 수면양상에 관한 연구. 간호과학 11(9), 43-54.
설순호, 권석만, 신민섭 (2007). 걱정과 강박사고에 대한인지적 평가와 통제방략. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(1). 125-144.
신여운, 현명호 (2004). 병리적 걱정을 하는 사람의 걱정에 대한 신념과 대처방략. 한국심리학회지:일반, 23(2). 45-63.
이민수, 이민규 (2003). 한국우울증검사의 개발. 신경정신의학, 42(2), 492-506.
이숙정, 유지현 (2008). 대학생의 학업 및 진로스트레스와 대학생활적응의 관계에 대한 자기효능감의매개효과. 교육심리연구, 제22권 제3호, pp.589-607.
이정미, 조현재 (2009). 대학생의 스트레스와 우울의 관계에서 자기비난 및 의존성의 역할 : 대구지역대학생을 중심으로. 한국청소년연구, 20(2) pp283-306.
이은희 (2004). 대학생들이 경험하는 생활스트레스와우울: 공변량 구조모형을 통한 대처방식의 조절 효과 검증. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 9(1),25-52.
이정은, 조용래 (2007). 걱정에 대한 부정적 신념과 일반화된 불안증상 간의 관계에서 경험적 회피의매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(4). 939-96
이정임 (2004). 걱정과 정서조절이 수면 및 피로에 미치는 영향. 고려대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
이지영, 권석만 (2007). 정서조절방략 질문지의 개발:대학생 집단을 대상으로. 한국 심리학회지: 임상, 26(4), 963-976.
이지영, 권석만 (2009). 정서장애와 정서조절방략의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 28(1), 245-261.
이학식, 임지훈 (2008). 구조방정식 모형분석과 AMOS 6.0. 법문사.
전겸구, 김교헌 (1991). 대학생용 생활 스트레스 척도의개발 : 제어이론적 접근. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 10, 137-158.
전겸구, 김교헌 (1996). 스트레스와 대처에 관한 통합적모델의 탐색: 제어이론적 조망. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 1, 34-65.
전겸구, 김교헌, 이준석 (2000). 개정판 대학생용 생활스트레스 척도 개발 연구. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 10, 137-158.
정은의 (2003). 걱정이 많은 청소년의 스트레스 대처방식 및 사고억제. 서울여대 특수치료전문대학원석사학위 청구논문.
조성희 (2002). 여성의 수면양상과 수면장애 요인에 관한 연구. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
조현주, 전태연, 채정호, 우영섭, 최정은, 기백석, 임현우 (2007). 우울장애의 불안, 신체화, 분노 증상 과 정서조절방략과의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 임 상, 26(3). 663-679.
채은옥, 이영호 (2008). 위협상황에서 걱정 많은 사람들의 대처 과정 특성. 한국심리학회지: 임상,27(2). 411-427.
한덕웅, 전겸구, 탁진국, 이창호, 이건효(1992). 대학생들의 생활부적응에 관한 연구: 불안, 우울 및 신체형장애를 중심으로. 한국심리학회 연차대회학술발표논문집, 447-462.
홍세희 (2000). 구조방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19(1),161-177.
AASM, (2001). ICSD - International Classification of Sleep Disorders. Revised: Diagnostic and Coding Manual. American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
Allgood-Merton, B., Lewinshon, P. M., & Hops, H. (1990). Sex differenchs and adolescent depression, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 55-63.
Ancoli-Israel, S., & Roth, T. (1999). Characteristics of insomnia in the United States: Results from the 1991 National Sleep Foundation Survey. Sleep, 22(2), S347-S353.
APA (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Banks, S., & Dinges, D. F. (2007). Behavioral and physiological consequences of sleep restriction. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 3, 519-528.
Benca, R. M., Obermeuer, W. T., Thisted, R. A., & Gillin, J, C. (1992). Sleep and psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 651-668.
Bollen, K. A. and J. S. Long(1993). Testing Structural Equation Models. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publication.
Borkovec, T. D., Ray, W. J., & Stober, J. (1998). Worry: A cognitive phenomenon intimately linked to affective, physiological, and interpersonal behavioral processes. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 561-576.
Borkovec, T. D., Robinson, E., Pruzinsky, T., & DePree, J. A. (1983). Preliminary exploration of worry: some characteristics and processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21, 9-16.
Breckler, S. J. (1990). Applications of covariance structure modeling in Psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 260-273.
Browne, M. W. and R. Cudeck (1993). "Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit," In Bollen, D. A. and J. S. Long(eds.), Testing Structural Equation Models, Newbury Park, California: Sage, 136-162.
Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, 3rd, Monk Th, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res, 28(2), 193-213.
Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2005). Effects of suppression and acceptance of emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behavior Research and Therapy. 44, 1251-1263.
Davey, G. C. L., (1994) Pathological worrying as exacerbated problem solving. In G. C. L. Davey & F. Tallis (Eds.), Worrying: Perspectives on theory, assessment and treatment (pp. 35-60). Chichester, England: Wiley.
Davidson, R. J., (2000). affective style, psychopathology, and resilience: brain mechanisms and plasticity. Am. Psycho. 55, 1196-1241 134
Ellis, J., & Cropley, M. (2002) An examination of thought control strategies employed by acute and chronic insomniacs. Sleep Medicine, 3(5), 393-400.
Emmons, R. A. (2003). The psychology of ultimate concerns: motivation and spirituality in personality. New York: The Guilford Press.
Endler, N. S. & Parker, J. D. A. (1990). Multidimensional assessment of coping: A critical Evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 844-854.
Espie, C. A., Broods, D. N., & Lindsay, W. R. (1989). An evaluation of tailored psychological treatment of insomnia. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 20, 143-153.
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of health and Social Behavior, 21, 219-239.
Foreman, M. D., & Wykle, M. (1995). Nursing standard of practice protocol: sleep disturbances in elderly patients. Geriatric Nursing, 16(5), 238-243.
Freedman, R. R., & Sattler, H. L. (1982). Physiological and psychological factors in sleep-onset insomnia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91, journal of Psychiatry, 133, 380-389.
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311-1327.
Garnerfski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006). Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: a comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 401-408.
Gregory, A. M., & O'Connor, T. G. (2002). Sleep problems in childhood: A longitudinal study of developmental change and association with behavioral problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 964-971.
Hannah K. Knudsen, Lori J. Ducharme, Paul M. Roman (2007). Job stress and poor sleep quality: Data from an American sample of full-time workers. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 1997-2007.
Harvey, A. G. (2002). A cognitive model of insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 869-893.
Harey, A. G. (2004). Beliefs about the utility of presleep worry: An investigation of individuals with insomnia and good sleepers. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 403-414.
Harvey, A. G. (2000). Pre-sleep cognitive activity: A comparison of sleep onset insomniacs and good sleepers. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39, 275-286.
Harvey, A. G., & Payne, S. (2002). The management of unwanted pre-sleep thoughts in insomnia: distraction with imagery versus general distraction. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 40, 267-277.
Harvey, A. G., Tang, N. K. Y., & Browning, L. (2005). Cognitive approaches to insomnia. Clinical Psychology Review, 25, 593-611.
Harvey, A. G., Watkins, E., Mansell, W., & Shafran, R. (2004). Cognitive behavioral processes across psychological disorders: Atrans diagnostic approach to treatment. Oxford: University Press
Healey, E. S., Kalels, A., Monroe, L.J., Bixler, E. O., Chamberlin, K., Soldatos, C.R. (1981). Onset of insomnia: role of life-stress events. Psychosomatic Medicine 43, 439-451.
Jette, A. M., Davies, A. R., Cleary, P. D., Calkins, D. R., Rubenstein, L. V., Fink, A., et al. (1986). The Functional Status Questionnaire: Reliability and validity when used in primary care. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 1, 143-149.
Johnson E. O., Roth, T., & Breslau, N. (2006). The association of insomnia with anxiety disorders and depression: Exploration of the direction of risk. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40, 700-708.
Kales, A., & Vgontzas, A. (1992). Predisposition to and development and persistence of chronic insomnia: Importance of psychobehavioral factor. Archives of Internal Medicine, 152, 1570-1572.
Keyes, C. L. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and social behavior, 43, 207-222.
Keyes, C. L. M., & Lopez, S. J. (2002). Towark as science of mental health: Positive directions in diagnosis and interventions. In C. R. Suyder, & S. J. Lopez(Eds). Handbook of positive psychology(pp. 45-49). London: Oxford University Press.
Kring, A. M., & Werner, K. H. (2004). Emotion regulation and psychopathology. In: P. Philippot & R. S. Feldman(Eds.) The regulation of emotion (pp. 359-385). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Lamberg, L. (2004). Promoting adequate sleep finds a place on the public healthagenda. JAMA, 291, 2415-2417.
Langlois, F., Freeston, M. H., & Ladouceur, R. (2000). Differences and similarities between obsessive intrusive thoughts and worry in a non-clinical population: study 1. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 157-173.
Langlois, F., Freeston, M. H., & Ladouceur, R. (2000). Differences and similarities between obsessive intrusive thoughts and worry in a non-clinical population: study 2. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 175-189.
Lavallee, L. E., & Campebell, J. D. (1995). Impact of personal goals on self-regulation processes elicited by daily negative events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 341-352.
Lazarus R., & Folkman S. (1984) Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Lichstein, K. L., & Rosenthal, T. L. (1980). Insomniacs' perceptions of cognitive versus somatic determinants of sleep disturbance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 105-107.
Lynch, T. A., Robins, C. J., Morse, J. O., & Krause, E. D. (2001). A Mediational model relating affect intensity, emotional inhibition, and psychological distress. Behavior Therapy, 32, 519-536.
M. Pilar Matud (2004). Gender differences in stress and coping styles. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 1401-1415.
MacKinnon, D. P., & Dwyer, J. H. (1993). Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies.
Makoto Iwanaga, Hiroshi Yokoyama, Hidetoshi Seiwa (2004). Coping availability and stress reduction for optimistic and pessimistic individuals. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 11-22.
Mauss. I.B., Bunge, S.A., (2007). Automatic emotion regulation. Soc. Pers. Psychol. Compass 1, 146-167.
Michele M. Carter, Tracy Sbrocco, Oscar Miller Jr., Sonia Suchday, Evelyn L. Lewis, Rachel E. K. Freedman (2005). Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire: differences between African-American and White- American college students. Anxiety Disorders, 19, 827-843.
Mindell, J. A., Owens, J. A., & Carskadon, M. A. (1999). Developmental features of sleep. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 8, 695-725.
Morin, C. M., Hauri, P. J., Espie, C. A., Spielman, A. J., Buysse, D. J., & Morin, C. M., Rodrigue S, & Ivers, H. (2003). Role of stress, arousal, and coping skills in primary insomnia. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 259-267.
Morin, C. M., Rodrigue, W., & Ivers, H. (2003). Role of stress, arousal, and coping skills in primary insomnia. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 259-267.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2001). Gender differences in depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(5), 173-176.
Parkinson, B., Totterdell, P., Briner, R. B., & Reynolds, S. (1996). Changing Moods: The psychology of mood and mood regulation. London: Long-man.
Paula G. Williams, Tammy L. Moroz (2009). Personality vulnerability to stress-related sleep disruption: Pathways to adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 598-603.
Paulsen VM, Shaver JL. (1991). Stress, support, psychological state and sleep. Soc. Sci. Med Vol. 32, No, 11, pp. 1237-1243.
Petra Hampel, Ph. D. & Franz Petermann, Ph. D. (2006). Perceived stress, coping, and adjustment in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38, 409-415.
Rachman, S. (1981) . Special issue on unwanted. intrusive cognitions. Advances in Behaviour Research & Therapu, 3, 87-123.
Reyner L. A., Horne J. A., Reyner A. (1995). Driver sleepiness. Journal of sleep Research, 4(2), 23-29.
Reyonlds CF, Hoch CC, Beysse DJ, Houck PR, Schlernitzauer M, Pasternak RE, Frank E, Mazumdar S, Kupfer DJ. (1993). Sleep after spousal bereavement: A study of recovery from stress. Biol psychiatry 34: 791-797.
Roberts, R, E., Roberts, C. R., & Duong, H. T. (2008). Chromic insomnia and its negative consequences for health and functioning in adolescents: a 12-month prospective study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, 294-302
Ruscio, A. M., Borkovec, T. D., & Ruscio, J. (2001). A taxometric investigation of the latent structure of worry. Journal of abnormal Psychology, 110, 413-422..
Ryan, C., Martin, E. R, & Dahlen. (2005). Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger, Personality and Individual Differences 37, 1-12.
Sateia, M. J., & Nowell, P. D. (2004). Insomnia. The Lancet, 364, 1959-1973.
Stickgold, R. (2005). Sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Nature, 437, 1272-1278.
Tang, N. K. Y., & Harvey, A. G. (2004). Effects of cognitive arousal and physiological arousal on sleep perception. Sleep: Journal of Sleep and Sleep Disorders Research, 27, 69-78.
Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of a definition. In N. A. Fox (Ed.), The development of emotion regulation. Biological and behavioral considerations (pp. 73-100). Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 59(2-3, Serial No. 240)
Torbjörn Åkerstedt, Göran Kecklund, Mats Gillberg (2007). Sleep and sleepiness in relation to stress and displaced work hours. Physiology & Behavior, 92, 250-255.
Urponen, H., Vuori, I., Hasan, J. and Partinen, M., (1988). Self-evaluations of factors promoting and disturbing sleep: an epidemiological survey in Finland. Social Science & Medicine 26, 443–450.
Vignau, J., Bailly, D., Duhamel, A., Vervaecke, P., Beuscart, R., & Collinet, C. (1997). Epidemiological study of sleep quality and troubles in French secondary school adolescents. Journal of adolescent Health, 21, 343-350.
Wells, A., & Morrison, A. P.(1994). Qualitative dimensions of normal worry and normal obsessions: a comparative study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 867-870.
Wickolw, A., & Espie, C. A.(2000). Intrusive thoughts and their relationship to actigraphic measurement of sleep: towards a cognitive model of insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 669-679.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide.
Åkerstedt T, nilsson PM. (2003). Sleep as restitution: an introduction. J Int Med, 254, 6-12.
Åkerstedt, T., Knutsson, A., Westerholm, P., Theorell, T., Alfredsson, L.,Kecklund, G. (2002). Sleep disturbances, Work stress and work hours. Across-sectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 53: 741-748.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations