바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

The Korean Journal of Health Psychology

  • KOREAN
  • P-ISSN1229-070X
  • E-ISSN2713-9581
  • KCI

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

Vol.19 No.1

Citation Share

Effects of Visual Perspectives and Construal Levels on Social Anxiety

The Korean Journal of Health Psychology / The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, (P)1229-070X; (E)2713-9581
2014, v.19 no.1, pp.283-301
https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2014.19.1.016


& (2014). Effects of Visual Perspectives and Construal Levels on Social Anxiety. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 19(1), 283-301, https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2014.19.1.016

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of imagining one's own to-be-delivered speech from either a 1st-person or a 3rd-person's perspective for anxiety and subsequent speech performances. It was hypothesized that the effects of visual perspectives on speech anxiety would be mediated by self-focused attention. We also examined a strategy which aimed at reducing the speech anxiety based on the main premise of the construal level theory. Results showed that participants in the 3rd-person's perspective condition reported higher levels of anxiety than those in the 1st-person's perspective condition. And, as expected, this relationship was mediated by self-focused attention (study 1). In addition, participants, who had imagined their speech behaviors based on the 'why' construal (i.e., high-level construal), experienced an abstract mind-set and reported with higher levels of relaxation than those who had imagined the same behavior based on the 'how' construal (i.e., low-level construal) (study 2). Implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future studies were discussed.

keywords
사회불안, 발표불안, 시각조망, 자기-초점적 주의, 해석 수준, social anxiety, speech anxiety, visual perspective, self-focused attention, construal level

Reference

1.

김지혜, 안창일 (1991). 자기 초점화 주의가 불안에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 10(1), 243-261.

2.

김진미, 손정락 (2013). 수용 전념 치료(ACT)가 발표불안이 있는 대학생의 사회적 회피와 자기-초점적 주의에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 18(2), 267-283.

3.

김혜은, 김도연 (2012). 수용전념 치료가 불안사고 및불안민감성, 수용적 태도에 미치는 효과: 발표불안을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 17(2), 299-310.

4.

박기환, 안창일 (2001). 사회공포증의 인지행동집단치료효과에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 20(1), 1-18.

5.

이정윤, 최정훈 (1997). 한국판 사회공포증 척도(K-SAD, K-FNE)의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 16(2), 251-264.

6.

이혜경 (1998). 사회공포증에서 나타나는 인지적 특성이수행불안에 미치는 영향. 고려대학교 대학원석사학위 청구논문.

7.

조용래, 원호택 (1997). 대인불안에 대한 인지적 평가:한국판 사회적 상호작용에 대한 자기효능감척도의 개발과 타당화에 관한 연구. 심리학의연구문제, 제 4호, 397-434.

8.

조용래, 이민규, 박상학 (1999). 한국판 발표불안척도의신뢰도와 타당도에 관한 연구. 한국심리학회지:임상, 18(2), 165-178.

9.

최영인, 권정혜 (2009). 관찰자 관점이 발표상황에서 불안과 수행에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 28(1), 147-166.

10.

최훈석, 최보배, 권민교, 김주현 (2007). 내가 보는 나와남이 보는 나: 자기-평가에서 회상 조망의 효과. 한국 사회 및 성격 심리학회 춘계 학술대회 및 심포지엄 논문집, 51-57.

11.

최훈석, 정지인 (2008). 미래 사건에 대한 시각조망의효과: 1인칭 조망과 3인칭 조망의 비교. 한국사회 및 성격 심리학회 동계 학술대회 및 심포지엄 논문집, 135-140.

12.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.

13.

Batson, C. D., Early, S., & Salvarani, G. (1997). Perspective taking: Imagining how another feels versus imagining how you would feel. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 751-758.

14.

Bem, D. J. (1972). Self-perception theory, In L. Berkowitz(Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. NY: Academic.

15.

Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier(Eds.), Social Phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment. New York: The Guilford Press.

16.

Cohen, D., & Gunz, A. (2002). As seen by the other:Perspectives on the self in the memories and emotional perceptions of easterners and westerners. Psychological Science, 13, 55-59.

17.

Coles, M, E., Turk, C, L., Heimberg, R, G., & Fresco, D, M. (2001). Effect of varing levels of anxiety within social situations : relationship to memory perspective and attributions in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 651-665.

18.

Daly, J. A., Vangelisti, A. L., & Lawrence, S. G. (1989). Self-focused attention and public speaking anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 903-913.

19.

Duval, S., & Wicklund, R. A. (1972). A theory of objective self-awareness. London: Academic Press.

20.

Frank, M. G., & Gilovich, T. (1989). Effect of memory perspective on retrospective causal attributions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 399-403.

21.

Freitas, A. L., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Trope, Y. (2004). The influence of abstract and concrete mindsets on anticipating and guiding others'self-regulatory efforts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 739-752.

22.

Fremouw, W. J., & Breitenstein, J. L. (1990). speech anxiety. In H. leitenberg(Eds.). Handbook of Social and Evaluation Anxiety(455-474). New York and London: Plenum Press.

23.

Fujita, K., & Han, H. A. (2008). Construal levels and automatic evaluative processes in self-contro. Unpublished data, The Ohio State University.

24.

Fujita, K., Trope, Y., Liberman, N., & Levin-Sagi, M. (2006). Construal level and self-control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 351-367.

25.

Galinsky, A. D., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2000). Perspective-taking: Decreasing stereotype expression, stereotype accessibility, and in-group favoritism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 708-724.

26.

Gilovich, T., Medvec, V. H., & Savitsky, K. (2000). The spotlight effect in social judgment: An egocentric bias in estimates of the salience of one’s own actions and appearance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 211-222.

27.

James, W. (1950). The principles of psychology. NY:Dover Publication (Original work published in 1890).

28.

Leung, A. K. -y., & Cohen, D. (2007). The soft embodiment of culture: Camera angles and motion through time and space. Psychological Science, 18, 824-830.

29.

Libby, L. K., & Eibach, R. P. (2002). Looking back in time: Self-concept change affects visual perspective in autobiographical memory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 167-179.

30.

Libby, L. K., Eibach, R. P., & Gilovich, T. (2005). Here's looking at me: The effect of memory perspective on assessments of personal change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 50-62.

31.

Lorenz, C & Neisser, U. (1985). Factors of imagery and event recall. Memory and Cognition, 13, 494-500.

32.

McIssac, H. K., & Eich, E. (2002). Vantage point in episodic memory, Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 9, 409–420.

33.

McNeil, D. W., Turk, C. L., & Ries, B. J. (1994). Anxiety and fear. In: V. S. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior, Academic Press, San Diego.

34.

Nigro, G., & Neisser, U. (1983). Point of view in personal memories. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 467-482.

35.

Pronin, E., & Ross, L. (2006). Temporal differences in trait self-ascription: When the self is seen as an other. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 197-209.

36.

Robinson, J, A., & Swanson, K. L. (1993). Field and observer modes of remembering. Memory, 1, 169-184.

37.

Spurr, J., & Stopa, L. (2003). The observer perspective: effects on social anxiety and performance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1009-1028.

38.

Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The Meaning in Life Questionnaire:Assessing the Presence of and Search for Meaning in Life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 80-93.

39.

Sugiura, T. (1996). The effect of self-awareness on the internal and external viewpoint for self-imagery. Japanese Journal of psychology, 66, 418-424.

40.

Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological Review, 110, 403-421.

41.

Vasquez, P & Buelher (2007). Seeing Future Success:Does Imagery Perspective Influence Achievment Motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1392-1405.

42.

Wakslak, C. J., & Trope, Y. (2009). Cognitive consequences of affirming the self: The relationship between self-affirmation and object construal. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 937-932.

43.

Woody, S. R., Chambless, D. L., & Glass, C. R. (1997). Self-focused attention in the treatment of social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 117-129.

44.

Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology 18, 459–482.

The Korean Journal of Health Psychology

e-Submission OA Policy