자기복잡성과 우울, 지각된 스트레스 및 삶 만족도 간의 관계: 자기-측면들 간의 조화와 중요성의 조절효과
The Relationship Among Self-Complexity, Depression, Perceived Stress, and Satisfaction with Life: The Moderational Effects of Harmony and Importance of Self-aspects
김은정 (아주대학교)
초록
본 연구는 단일한 자기복잡성보다 긍정적 자기복잡성과 부정적 자기복잡성이 우울, 지각된 스트레스 및 삶 만족도를 더 잘 설명하는지를 검증하고, 긍정적 및 부정적 자기복잡성과 우울, 지각된 스트레스, 삶 만족도 간의 관계를 자기-측면들 간의 조화와 중요성이 조절하는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대학생 313명을 대상으로 자기복잡성 과제(Self-complexity task), 자기-측면들 간의 조화(Harmony of self-aspects), 자기-측면들의 중요성(Importance of self-aspects), 역학조사센터 우울증 척도(CES-D), 지각된 스트레스 척도(PSS), 삶 만족도 척도(SWLS)를 이용하여 설문조사를 실시하였고, 상관분석과 위계적 회귀분석 방법을 사용하여 효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 먼저 단일한 자기복잡성을 측정하는 것보다 긍정적 자기복잡성과 부정적 자기복잡성을 구별하여 측정하는 것이 우울, 지각된 스트레스 및 삶 만족도와 더 높은 관련성을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 다음으로 긍정적 자기복잡성은 자기-측면들 간의 조화와 상호작용하여 우울, 지각된 스트레스 및 삶 만족도에 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 긍정적 자기복잡성이 높고 자기-측면들이 서로 조화를 이룰수록 우울과 지각된 스트레스가 낮고 삶 만족도가 높았다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점과 임상적 함의를 논의하였다.
- keywords
- self-complexity, positive self-complexity, negative self-complexity, harmony of self-aspects, importance of self-aspects, depression, perceived stress, satisfaction with life., 자기복잡성, 긍정적 자기복잡성, 부정적 자기복잡성, 조화, 중요성, 우울, 지각된 스트레스, 삶 만족도, self-complexity, positive self-complexity, negative self-complexity, harmony of self-aspects, importance of self-aspects, depression, perceived stress, satisfaction with life
Abstract
The initial purpose of this study was to examine if the distinction between positive self-complexity and negative self-complexity better explained depression, perceived stress, and satisfaction with life than simple self-complexity. The second purpose of this study was to examine if harmony and importance of self-aspects moderated the relationship among positive or negative self-complexity, depression, perceived stress, and satisfaction with life. Participants were 313 undergraduate students. They completed the Self-complexity task, Harmony of self-aspects scale, Importance of self-aspects scale, The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The data were analyzed with Pearson's correlation and hierarchical regression analysis by the SPSS 19.0 program. The results indicated that distinction between positive self-complexity and negative self-complexity better explained depression, perceived stress, and satisfaction with life than simple self-complexity. Also the results of the analyses showed that there was an interaction effect of harmony of self-aspects between positive self-complexity, depression, perceived stress, and satisfaction with life. Finally, the implications and limitations of the findings were discussed.
- keywords
- self-complexity, positive self-complexity, negative self-complexity, harmony of self-aspects, importance of self-aspects, depression, perceived stress, satisfaction with life., 자기복잡성, 긍정적 자기복잡성, 부정적 자기복잡성, 조화, 중요성, 우울, 지각된 스트레스, 삶 만족도, self-complexity, positive self-complexity, negative self-complexity, harmony of self-aspects, importance of self-aspects, depression, perceived stress, satisfaction with life
참고문헌
강인(1998). 중년기 여성이 경험하는 배우자 사별 스트레스와 적응. 이화여자대학교대학원 박사학위 청구논문.
권석만(1996). 자기인지의 구조와 정보처리과정에 있어서 우울집단의 특성. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 15, 17-31.
김두섭, 강남준(2000).「회귀분석」. 서울: 나남출판.
김윤주, 한성열(1993). 자기애적 성격과 자기복합성의관련성에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 성격, 7(1), 28-36.
김윤희(2001). 걱정이 많은 사람들의 자기개념과 자기복잡성. 서울대학교대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
김완일(2008). 자기복잡성과 인지적 유연성이 정신건강에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 20(3), 715-734.
김완일, 김재환(1992). 대학생의 자기 긍정감, 자기복잡성 및 우울 성향과의 관계. 한양대학교 학생생활연구소: 대학생활연구, 10, 249-270.
김정호, 조용래, 이민규(2000). 사회불안과 우울의 자기개념에 대한 비교. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19(1), 1-15.
김혜민(2005). 자기복잡성, 상위정서, 경험 수용 및 집착과의 관계. 가톨릭대학교대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
박선영(2004). 자기일치성, 자기감시 및 사용상황이 상표 선호에 미치는 영향. 이화여자대학교대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
박성현, 윤호균, 박영석(2003). 자기에 대한 조망과 정서의 변동. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 17(3), 33-49.
안신능(2006). 자기 개념에 따른 자기 불일치와 삶의 만족도의 인과적 관계. 연세대학교대학원 석사학위청구논문.
이수현(2005). 자기복잡성과 자기개념 명료성이 심리적적응에 미치는 영향. 서울대학교대학원 석사학위청구논문.
이정은(2005). 자기복잡성과 자기효능감이 우울과 지각된 스트레스에 미치는 영향. 아주대학교대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
전겸구, 이민규(1992). 한국판 CES-D 개발 연구Ⅰ. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 11(1), 65-76.
조혜자, 방희정(2004). 자기 긍정성과 성 고정관념. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 9(1), 181-201.
최태성, 김성호(2004).「사회과학을 위한 통계자료분석」. 서울: 다산출판사.
Abela, J. R. Z., & Veronneau-McArdle, M. (2002). The relationship between self-complexity and depressive sym ptoms in third and seventh grade children: A short-term longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(2), 155-166.
Alatiq, Y., Crane, C., Williams, J. M. G., & Goodwin, G. M. (2010). Self- organization in bipolar disorder: Replication of Compartmentalization and self-complexity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, 479-486.
Bell, V., & Wittkowski, A. (2009). An exploration of self-complexity in individuals experiencing auditory hallucinations. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 172-181.
Brook, A. T., Garcia, J., & Fleming, M. (2008). The effects of multiple identities on psychological well-be ing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(12), 1588-1600.
Buder-Shapiro, J. (1992). Self structure and emotional functioning: The effect of self-complexity on success and failure. (Electronic Thesis or Dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/
Cameron, J. E. (1999). Social identity and the pursuit of possible selves: Implications for the psychological well-being of university students. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3, 179-189.
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., &Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396.
Cohen, S., &Williamson, G. (1988). Perceived Stress in a Probability Sample of the United States. The Social Psychology of Health, 31-67.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., &Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
Emmons R. A., & King, L. A. (1989). Personal striving differentiation and affective reactivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 478-484.
Gara, M. A., Woolfolk, R. L., Cohen, B. D., Goldston, R. B., Allen, L. A., & Novalany, J. (1993). Perception of self and other in major depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(1), 93-100.
Jetten, J., Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Spears, R. (2001). Rebels with a cause: Group identification as a response to perceived discrimination from the mainstream. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1204-1213.
Kalthoff, R. A., & Neimeyer, R. A. (1993). Self-complexity and psychological distress:A test of the buffering mod el. International Journal of Persona l Construct Psychology, 6, 327-349.
Koch, E. J., & Shepperd, J. A. (2004). Is self-complexity linked to better cop ing? A review of the literature. Journal of Personality, 72(4), 727-760.
Linville, P. W. (1985). Self-complexity and affective extremity: don't put all your eggs in one cognitive basket. Social Cognition, 3, 94-120.
Linville, P. W. (1987). Self-complexity as a cognitive buffer against stress-related illness and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 663-676.
Luo, W., Watkins, D., & Lam, R. Y. H. (2009). Validating a new measure of self-complexity. Journal of Pers onality Assessment, 91(4), 381-386.
McConnell, A. R., Renaud, J. M., Dean, K. K., Green, S. P., Lamoreaux, M. J., Hall, C. E., & Rydell, R. J. (2005). Whose self is it anyway? Self- aspect control moderates the relation between self-complexity and well-being. Journal of Experi- mental Social Psychology, 41, 1-18.
Morgan, H. W., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1994). Positive and negative self-complexity: Patterns of adjustment following traumatic versus non-traumatic life experiences. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 13, 63-85.
Radloff, L. S. (1997). The CES-D scale a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied psychological measurement, 1(3), 385-401.
Rafaeli-Mor, E., Gotlib, I. H., & Revelle, W. (1999). The meaning and measurement of self-complexity. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 341-356.
Rafaeli-Mor, E., & Steinberg, J. (2002). Self-complexity and well-being: A review and research synthesis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(1), 31-58.
Schleicher, D. L., & McConnell, A. R. (2005). The complexity of self-complexity: An associated systems theory approach. Social Cognition, 23(5), 387-416.
Settles, I. H., Sellers, R. M., & Damas, A., Jr. (2002). One role or two? The function of psychological separation in role conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 574-582.
Showers, C. J. (1992). Compartmentalization of Positive and Negative Self-knowledge: Keeping Bad Apples Out of the Bunch. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 1036-1049.
Simon, R. W. (1995). Gender, multiple roles, role meaning, and mental health. Journal of Health and social Behavior, 36, 182-194.
Smith, S. H., & Cohen, L. H. (1993). Self-complexity and reactions to a relat ionship breakup. Journal of Social Clinical Psychology, 12, 367-384.
Stopa, L., Browns, M. A., Luke, M. A., & Hirsch, C. R. (2010). Constructing a self: The role of self-structure and self-certainty in social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(10), 955-965.
Taylor, J. L., Morley, S., & Barton, S. B. (2007). Self-Organization in bipolar disorder:Compartmentalization and self-complexity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31, 83-96.
Tompon, H. B., & Werner, J. M. (1991). The impect of role conflict/facilitation on core and discretionary behavior: Testing a mediated model. Journal of Management, 23, 583-601.
Thoits, P. A. (1991). On merging identity theory and stress research. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54, 101-112.
Woolfolk, R. L., Novalay, J., Gara, M. A., Allen, L. A., & Polino, M. (1995). Self-complexity, self-evaluation,and depression: An examination of form and content within the self-schema. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(6), 1108-1120.
Woolfolk, R. L., Gara, M. A., Ambrose, T. K., Williams, J. E., Allen, L. A., Irvin, S. L., & Beaver, J. D. (1999). Self-complexity and the persistence of depression. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 187(7), 393-399.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수