This study investigated the effects of temperament on emotional dysregulation and studied whether the relationship between temperament and emotional dysregulation was mediated by adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in adults, while controlling for perceived parenting styles, sex, and age. The EAS, DERS, ERSQ, and EMBU-short were administered to 890 adults. Partial correlation analysis indicated that emotionality and activity correlated positively with emotional dysregulation, and sociability correlated negatively with it. The results of a hierarchical multiple regression showed that temperament accounted for 37% of the variance in emotional dysregulation, and emotionality and sociability among temperaments were significant predictors of emotional dysregulation. In addition, emotionality and sociability significantly influenced adaptive and maladaptive strategies. A bootstrap approach was used to test the mediation effect of the adaptive and maladaptive strategies. The results showed that the adaptive and maladaptive strategies partially mediated the influence of emotionality and sociability on emotional dysregulation. The higher the emotionality, the more frequent use of maladaptive strategies, and the decreased use of adaptive strategies resulted in higher emotional dysregulation. On the other hand, the higher the level of sociability, the lower the use of maladaptive strategies; frequent use of adaptive strategies resulted in lower emotional dysregulation. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
김윤하 (2016). 아동의 기질과 아동이 지각한 부모의 양육태가 아동의 정서조절능력에 미치는 영향. 중앙대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
김정민, 이순형 (2014). 유아의 기질이 상황에 따른 정서조절에 미치는 영향. 한국생활과학회지, 23(2), 193-204.
김종희 (2011). 부모의 부정적 양육행동이 청소년의 걱정에 미치는 영향: 정서조절곤란을 매개변인으로. 인천대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
김지윤, 도현심, 김민정 (2008). 부부갈등과 유아의 기질및 정서조절능력이 유아의 문제행동에 미치는 영향. 아동학회지, 29(5), 133-150.
김진숙, 김창대, 유성경, 지승희 (2003). 청소년상담 기초. 서울: 한국청소년상담원.
문민정 (2008). 아동이 지각한 부모의 양육태도가 자기수용능력 및 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향. 한양대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
민경환, 김지현, 윤석빈, 장승민 (2000). 부정적 정서 조절 방략에 관한 연구: 정서 종류와 개인 변인에 따른 정서조절 양식의 차이. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및성격, 14(2), 1-16.
박성연, 강지흔 (2005). 남・여 아동 정서조절능력 및공격성과 학교생활 적응과의 관계. 한국아동학회지, 26(1), 1-14.
박재윤 (2012). 유아의 기질, 어머니의 양육행동 및 기질-양육 조화적합성이 유아의 정서조절능력에 미치는 영향. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
박지숙 (2008). 아동의 기질, 정서조절능력, 어머니의 양육행동 및 아동의 사회적 행동 간의 관계. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
박진아, 정문자 (2007). 불안장애 유아의 기질과 역기능적 정서조절의 관계에 대한 어머니 양육행동의 중재효과. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 19(2), 273-295.
양유진, 정경미 (2008). 어머니의 양육태도가 청소년 우울에 미치는 영향: 회피적 정서조절과 정서인식의명확성을 매개요인으로. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 27(3), 669-688.
유지현 (2016). 유아의 기질과 아버지의 양육참여도 및어머니의 양육효능감이 유아의 정서조절에 미치는영향. 동아대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
윤진영, 정옥분, 정순화 (2007). 유아의 기질 및 어머니의 정서표현 수용태도와 유아의 자기조절능력과의관계. 인간발달연구, 14(3), 1-22.
이경님 (2009). 어머니의 정서표현과 아동의 기질 및 자아존중감이 정서조절능력에 미치는 영향. 한국생활과학지, 18(6), 1209-1219.
이원화, 이지영 (2011). 청소년의 정서조절곤란의 수준과 정서조절방략의 사용: 중․고등학생과 대학생의비교 연구. 인간이해, 32(2), 195-212.
이정은 (2012). 중학생이 지각한 부모양육행동, 정서조절양식 및 학교적응간의 관계. 국민대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
이지영 (2010). 정서조절방략이 정서조절곤란에 미치는영향. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 22(3), 821-841.
이지영 (2011). 정서조절코칭북: 내 감정의 주인이 되어라. 서울: 시그마프레스.
이지영 (2012). 연령증가에 따른 정서조절의 차이: 청소년기와 성인기를 대상으로. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 31(3), 783-808.
이지영 (2016). 지각된 부모의 양육방식과 정서조절곤란의 관계에서 정서조절방략의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 28(1), 217-244.
이지영, 권석만 (2007). 정서조절방략 질문지의 개발: 대학생 집단을 대상으로. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(4), 963-976.
이지영, 권석만 (2009). 성별과 성격유형에 따른 정서조절방략 사용의 차이. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 28(3), 507-524.
이지영, 정지현 (2016). 부정 정서강도와 적응적 및 부적응적 정서조절방략의 관계에서 고통감내력의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 21(4), 719-740.
임정하, 강현지, 박선혜, 윤상희, 최정원 (2016). 기질과부정적 정서표현에 대한 어머니 반응이 청소년의정서조절곤란에 미치는 영향. 인간발달연구, 23(1), 95-112.
임진경 (2013). 어머니의 기질과 양육행동이 유아의 놀이성에 미치는 영향. 가천대학교 일반대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
임희수, 박성연 (2002). 어머니가 지각된 아동의 기질, 어머니의 정서조절 및 양육행동과 아동의 정서조절간의 관계. 아동학회지, 23(1), 37-54.
장휘숙 (2008). 기질과 애착이 형제자매와 친구관계에미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 21(1), 69-87.
전병윤 (2017). 행동억제기질과 부모의 심리적 통제가사회불안에 미치는 영향: 부정적 자동적 사고, 정서조절곤란의 간접(매개) 효과. 경상대학교 석사학위청구논문.
정지현, 권석만 (2013). 고통 감내력과 심리적 건강의관계: 탈중심화와 회피적 대처의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 32(3), 627-647.
조문한 (2015). 대학생의 기질, 인지적 정서조절방략이심리적 부적응에 미치는 영향 분석: 인지적 정서조절방략의 중재효과를 중심으로. 한신대학교 대학원석사학위 청구논문.
조용래 (2007). 정서조절곤란의 평가: 한국판 척도의 심리측정적 속성. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(4), 1015-1038.
천희영 (1991). 아동용기질측정도구의 개발 연구. 아동학회지, 12(2), 78-93.
최미미, 조용래 (2008). 지각된 부모양육행동과 행동억제가 대학생의 사회불안에 미치는 영향: 역기능적신념과 정서조절곤란의 매개효과. 한국임상심리학회 연차학술대회 발표논문집, pp. 576-577. 8월 21일. 서울: 육군사관학교 흥무관.
최옥현, 김봉환 (2007). 대학생의 애착관계 및 유형과진로탐색효능감이 진로발달에 미치는 영향. 상담학연구, 8(3), 1063-1084.
최현진 (2008). 어머니와 유아의 기질유사성이 어머니의양육태도에 미치는 영향. 숙명여자대학교 석사학위청구 논문.
황소연, 방희정 (2012). 유아의 애착과 기질이 정서조절및 사회적 능력에 미치는 영향. 인간발달연구, 19(3), 147-165.
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217-237.
Arrindell, W. A., & Engebretsen, A. A. (2000). Convergent validity of the Short-EMBU and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI): Dutch findings. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 7, 262-266.
Barahmand, U., Khazaee, A., & Hashjin, G. S. (2016). Emotion dysregulation mediates between childhood emotional abuse and motives for substance use. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 30(6), 653-659.
Berkovits, L. D., & Baker, B. L. (2014). Emotion dysregulation and social competence: Stability, change and predictive power. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58(8), 765-776.
Beveren, M. L., Mclntosh, K., Vandevivere, E., Wante, L., & Vandweghe, L. (2016). Association between temperament, emotion regulation and depression in youth: The role of positive temperament. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 1954-1968.
Blair, K. A., Denham, S. A., Kochanoff, A., & Whipple, B. (2004). Playing it cool: Temperament, emotion regulation, and social behavior in preschoolers. Journal of School Psychology, 42, 419-443.
Bornovalova, M. A., Gratz, K. L., Daughters, S. B., Nick, B., Delany-Brumsey, A., Lynch, T. R., ... Lejuez, C. W. (2008). A multimodal assessment of the relationship between emotion dysregulation and borderline personality disorder among inner-city substance users in residential treatment. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42, 717-726.
Buckholdt, K. E., Parra, G. R., & Jobe-Shields, L. (2010). Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism through which parental magnification of sadness increases risk for binge eating and limited control of eating behaviors. Eating Behaviors, 11(2), 122-126.
Buss, A. H., & Plomin, R. (1984). Temperament:Early developing personality traits. Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Caspi, A., & Silva, P. A. (1995). Temperament qualities at age three predict personality traits in young adulthood: Longitudinal evidence from birth cohort. Child Development, 66, 486-498.
Charles, S. T., & Carstensen, L. L. (2007). Emotion regulation and aging. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 307-327). New York: The Guilford Press.
Cicchetti, D., Ackerman, B. P., & Izard, C. E. (1995). Emotions and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 7(1), 1-10.
Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archievers of General Psychiatry, 50, 975-990.
Cohn, A. M., Jakupcak, M., Seibert, A., Hildebrandt, T. B., & Zeichner, A. (2010). The role of emotion dysregulation in the association between men's restrictive emotionality and use of physical aggression. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 11(1), 53-64.
Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. In N. A. Fox (Ed.), The development of emotion regulation. Biological and behavioral considerations (pp. 73-100). Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2-3, Serial No. 240).
Crow, T., Cross, D., Powers, A., & Bradley, B. (2014). Emotion dysregulation as a mediator between childhood emotional abuse and current depression in a low-income African-American sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(10), 1590-1598.
D’Agostino, A., Covanti, S., Rossi Monti, M., & Starcevic, V. (2016). Emotion dysregulation: A review of the concept and implications for clinical practice. European Psychiatry, 33, S659.
Diamond, L. M., & Aspinwall, L. G. (2003). Emotion regulation across the life span: An integrative perspective emphasizing self-regulation, positive affect, and dyadic processes. Motivation and Emotion, 27(2), 125-156.
Fox, H. C., Axelrod, S. R., Paliwal, P., Sleeper, J., & Sinha, R. (2007). Difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control during cocaine abstinence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 89, 298-301.
Fox, H. C., Hong, K. A., & Sinha, R. (2008). Difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control in recently abstinent alcoholics compared with social drinkers. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 388-394.
Garnefski, N., Teerds, J., Kraaij, V., Legerstee, J., & Kommer, T. (2004). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: Differences between males and females. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(2), 267-276.
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimentional assessment of emotion regulation dysregulation:Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54.
Green, M. J., Cahill, C. M., & Malhi, G. S. (2007). The cognitive and neurophysiological basis of emotion dysregulation in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 103, 29-42.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual difference in two emotion regulation processes:Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.
Hannan, S. M., & Ocrutt, H. K. (2013). Emotion dysregulation as a partial mediator between reinforcement sensitivity and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(5), 574-578.
Hilt, L. M., Hanson, J. L., & Pollak, S. D. (2011). Emotion dysregulaion. Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 3, 160-169.
Jaffe, M., Gullone, E., & Hughes, E. K. (2010). The roles of temperamental dispositions and perceived parenting behaviours in the use of two emotion regulation strategies in late childhood. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31, 47-59.
Jennissen, S., Holl, J., Mai, H., Wolff, S., & Barnow, S. (2016). Emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between child maltreatment and psychopathology: A structural equation model. Child Abuse & Neglect, 62, 51-62.
Keenan, K. (2000). Emotion dysregulation as a risk factor for child psychopathology. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7(4), 418-434.
Kring, A. M., & Werner, K. H. (2004). Emotion regulation and psychopathology. In P. Philippot &R. S. Feldman (Eds.), The regulation of emotion (pp. 359-385). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Larsen, R. J., & Diener, E. (1987). Affect intensity as an individual difference characteristic: A review. Journal of Research in Personality, 21, 1-39.
Maccoby, E. E. (1980). Social development:Psychological growth and child relationship. New York: Marcut Brace Javanovich.
Madeleine, J., Eleonora, G., & Elizabeth, H. (2010). The roles of temperamental dispositions and perceived parenting behaviours in the use of two emotion regulation strategies in late childhood. Journal of applied developmental psychology, 31(1), 47-59.
McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Mennin, D. S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Emotion dysregulation and adolescent psychopathology: A prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 544-554.
Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2015). Advancing emotion regulation perspectives on psychopathology: The challenge of distress disorders. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 80-92.
Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2005). Preliminary evidence for an emotion dysregulation model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 43, 1281-1310.
Mennin, D. S., McLaughlin, K. A., & Flanagan, T. J. (2009). Emotion regulation deficits in generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and their co-occurrence. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(7), 866-871.
Musallam, A. B., Schallert, D. L., & Kim, H. (2011). Do millenial undergraduates's view of writing differ when surveyed online versus on paper?. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1915-1921.
Paulus, D. J., Vanwoerden, S., Norton, P. J., & Sharp, C. (2016). Emotion dysregulation, psychological inflexibility, and shame as explanatory factors between neuroticism and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 376-385.
Philippot, P., & Feldman, R. S. (2004). The regulation of emotion. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891.
Santucci, A. K., Silk, J. S., Shaw, D. S., Gentzler, A., Fox, N. A., & Kovacs, M. (2008). Vagal tone and temperament as predictors of emotion regulation strategies in young children. Developmental Psychobiology, 50, 205-216.
Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2003). Adolescent's emotion regulation in daily life:Links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Child Development, 74(6), 1869-1880.
Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Kendall, P. (2002). Emotion regulation and understanding implications for child psychopathology and therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 22(2), 189-222.
Stepp, S. D., Scott, L. N., Morse, J. Q., Nolf, K. A., Hallquist, M. N., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2014). Emotion dysregulation as a maintenance factor of borderline personality disorder features. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(3), 657-666.
Thomas, R. A., & Chess, S. (1977). Temperament and development. New York: Bruner/Mazel.
Tripp, J. C., & McDevitt-Murphy, M. E. (2015). Emotion dysregulation facets as mediators of the relationship between PTSD and alcohol misuse. Addictive Behaviors, 47, 55-60.
Underwood, M. K. (1997). Top ten pressing questions about the development of emotion regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 21(1), 127-146.
Walden, T. A., & Smith, M. C. (1997). Emotion regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 21(1), 7-25.
Wenhal, Z., Jiamei, L., & Qing, Z. (2011). Effects of temperament on emotion regulation among adolescents: The role of teacher affect abilities. Xinli Kexue, 34(4), 834-838.
Windle, M., & Lerner, R. M. (1996). The “Goodness of Fit” model of temperament-context relation;interaction or correlation? In J. V. Lerner & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Temperament and Social interaction in infant and children (pp. 109-119). London: Jossey Bass.
Yagmurla, B., & Altan, O. (2010). Maternal socialization and child temperament as predictors of emotion regulation Turkish preschoolers. Infant and Child Deverlopment, 19, 275-296.