통증위협과 주의편향 간의 관계에서 자아고갈이 미치는 조절효과: 안구운동 추적 연구
The Moderating Effect of Ego Depletion in the Relationship between Pain Threat and Attentional bias: Eye-tracking study
조성근 (충남대학교)
초록
본 연구에서는 통증위협 상태에서 자아고갈이 주의편향에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 했다. 본 연구는 D광역시에 거주하고 있는 대학생 85명을 대상으로 실시했다. 연구결과, 첫 고정 지속시간에서 통증위협과 자아고갈의 상호작용이 유의했다. 단순 주효과 분석결과, 자아고갈 수준이 낮을 때에는 통증위협 저집단에서 통증관련 단어와 중립단어에 대한 첫 고정시간이 비슷하게 나타났다. 하지만, 통증위협 고집단에서는 통증관련 단어에 더 오랫동안 첫 고정을 하는 경향성을 보였다. 반면 자아고갈 수준이 높을 때에는 첫 고정 지속시간에 대한 통증위협 집단 간 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 총 응시시간에서 통증위협과 자아고갈의 상호작용이 유의했다. 단순 주효과 분석결과, 자아고갈 수준이 낮을 때에는 통증위협 저집단에서 통증관련 단어와 중립단어에 대한 총 응시시간이 비슷하게 나타났다. 하지만, 통증위협 고집단에서는 통증관련 단어에 더 오랫동안 응시하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 자아고갈 수준이 높을 때에는 통증위협 집단 간 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 통증위협과 주의편향 간의 관계에 있어 자아고갈이 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.
- keywords
- Attentional bias, Pain threat, Ego depletion, Eye-tracking, 주의편향, 통증위협, 자아고갈, 안구운동 추적
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pain threat and ego depletion on attentional bias for pain-related stimuli. This study was carried out on 85 university students in D city, Republic of Korea. The results showed that the interaction effect of ego depletion and pain threat on the first fixation latency index was significant. In the low ego depletion level, high pain-related threat group had a faster first fixation to pain-related words than neutral words, whereas the results for the low pain-related threat group were the vice versa. However, in the high ego depletion level, there was no significant effect on the pain-related threat groups for the first fixed duration. In addition, the interaction effect of group and word type on the first fixation duration index was marginally significant. In the low ego depletion level, high pain-related threat group had a longer fixation to pain-related words than neutral words, whereas the results for the low pain-related threat group were the vice versa. However, in the high ego depletion level, there was no significant effect on the pain-related threat groups for the dwell time index was not significant. This study provided empirical grounds for the effect of ego depletion on the relationship between pain threat and attention bias. And this study provides an idea for Attentional Bias Modification intervention. The results of this study can be applied for the maximum effect of Attentional Bias Modification intervention.
- keywords
- Attentional bias, Pain threat, Ego depletion, Eye-tracking, 주의편향, 통증위협, 자아고갈, 안구운동 추적
참고문헌
김민지 (2016). 자아고갈이 처벌판단에 미치는 영향. 경기대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
배수정 (2018). 돌발통이 있는 만성통증 환자의 통증관련 자극에 대한 주의편향: 안구운동측정을 사용하여. 충남대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
신미연, 현명호 (2007). 사회불안 경향성자의 위협자극에 대한 주의편향의 시간과정. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 26(2), 207-223.
이현희, 김은정, 이민규 (2003). 한국판 정적정서 및 부적 정서 척도(Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS)의 타당화연구. 한국심리학회지:임상, 22(4), 935-946.
한덕웅, 이창호, 탁진국 (1993). Spielberger 상태-특성불안 검사의 표준화. 한국심리학회 학술대회 자료집, 1993(1), 505-512.
함진선, 이장한 (2012). 특질 불안 경향자의 위협자극에대한 주의편향 연구. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(1), 355-371.
현보라 (2009). 자기-고갈(Ego-Depletion) 상황에서 본보기 점화와 범주 점화가 자기-조절 수행에 미치는영향. 성균관대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
Baum, C., Schneider, R., Keogh, E., & Lautenbacher, S. (2013). Different stages in attentional processing of facial expressions of pain: a dot-probe task modification. The Journal of Pain, 14(3), 223-232.
Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2007). Self‐Regulation, ego depletion, and motivation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), 115-128.
Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252.
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 351-355.
Boston, A., & Sharpe, L. (2005). The role of threat-expectancy in acute pain: effects on attentional bias, coping strategy effectiveness and response to pain. Pain, 119(1-3), 168-175.
Carleton, R. N., Richter, A. A., & Asmundson, G. J. (2011). Attention modification in persons with fibromyalgia: A double blind, randomized clinical trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 40(4), 279-290.
Cho, S., Kim, H. Y., & Lee, J. H. (2013). Validation of the Korean version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Quality of Life Research, 22(7), 1767-1772.
De Leeuw, R., Studts, J. L., & Carlson, C. R. (2005). Fatigue and fatigue-related symptoms in an orofacial pain population. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontics, 99(2), 168-174.
Eccleston, C., & Crombez, G. (1999). Pain demands attention: A cognitive–affective model of the interruptive function of pain. Psychological Bulletin, 125(3), 356.
Epker, J., & Gatchel, R. J. (2000). Coping profile differences in the biopsychosocial functioning of patients with temporomandibular disorder. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62(1), 69-75.
Merskey, H. E. (1986). Classification of chronic pain:Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. Pain, Suppl, 3, 226.
Kellough, J. L., Beevers, C. G., Ellis, A. J., & Wells, T. T. (2008). Time course of selective attention in clinically depressed young adults: An eye tracking study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(11), 1238-1243.
Keogh, E., Ellery, D., Hunt, C., & Hannent, I. (2001). Selective attentional bias for pain-related stimuli amongst pain fearful individuals. Pain, 91(1-2), 91-100.
Kimble, M. O., Fleming, K., Bandy, C., Kim, J., & Zambetti, A. (2010). Eye tracking and visual attention to threating stimuli in veterans of the Iraq war. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(3), 293-299.
Lautenbacher, S., Huber, C., Schöfer, D., Kunz, M., Parthum, A., Weber, P. G., ..., & Sittl, R. (2010). Attentional and emotional mechanisms related to pain as predictors of chronic postoperative pain: a comparison with other psychological and physiological predictors. PAIN®, 151(3), 722-731.
Levenson, R. W., & Miller, B. L. (2007). Loss of cells —loss of self: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration and human emotion. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 289-294.
Liossi, C., Schoth, D. E., Bradley, B. P., & Mogg, K. (2009). Time‐course of attentional bias for pain ‐related cues in chronic daily headache sufferers. European Journal of Pain, 13(9), 963-969.
MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 15.
McGowan, N., Sharpe, L., Refshauge, K., & Nicholas, M. K. (2009). The effect of attentional re-training and threat expectancy in response to acute pain. Pain, 142(1-2), 101-107.
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1998). A cognitivemotivational analysis of anxiety. Behaviour Eesearch and Therapy, 36(9), 809-848.
Mogg, K., Bradley, B., Miles, F., & Dixon, R. (2004). Brief report time course of attentional bias for threat scenes: testing the vigilance‐avoidance hypothesis. Cognition and Emotion, 18(5), 689-700.
Munafo, M. R., & Stevenson, J. (2003). Selective processing of threat‐related cues in day surgery patients and prediction of post‐operative pain. British Journal of Health Psychology, 8(4), 439-449.
Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources:Does self-control resemble a muscle?. Psychological Bulletin, 126(2), 247.
Öhman, A. (1996). Preferential preattentive processing of threat in anxiety: Preparedness and attentional biases. Current Controversies in The Anxiety Disorders, 2, 253-290.
Roelofs, J., Peters, M. L., Van der Zijden, M., Thielen, F. G., & Vlaeyen, J. W. (2003). Selective attention and avoidance of pain-related stimuli: a dot-probe evaluation in a pain-free population. The Journal of Pain, 4(6), 322-328.
Roelofs, J., Peters, M. L., Zeegers, M., & Vlaeyen, J. W. (2002). The modified Stroop paradigm as a measure of selective attention towards painrelated stimuli among chronic pain patients: a meta‐analysis. European Journal of Pain, 6(4), 273-281.
Schmeichel, B. J., Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2003). Intellectual performance and ego depletion:role of the self in logical reasoning and other information processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(1), 33.
Schoth, D. E., Georgallis, T., & Liossi, C. (2013). Attentional bias modification in people with chronic pain: a proof of concept study. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 42(3), 233-243.
Schoth, D. E., Nunes, V. D., & Liossi, C. (2012). Attentional bias towards pain-related information in chronic pain; a meta-analysis of visual-probe investigations. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(1), 13-25.
Sharpe, L., & Schrieber, L. (2012). A blind randomized controlled trial of cognitive versus behavioral versus cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 81(3), 145-152.
Sharpe, L., Haggman, S., Nicholas, M., Dear, B. F., & Refshauge, K. (2014). Avoidance of affective pain stimuli predicts chronicity in patients with acute low back pain. PAIN®, 155(1), 45-52.
Sharpe, L., Johnson, A., & Dear, B. F. (2015). Attention bias modification and its impact on experimental pain outcomes: Comparison of training with words versus faces in pain. European Journal of Pain, 19(9), 1248-1257.
Skinner, I. W., Hübscher, M., Moseley, G. L., Lee, H., Wand, B. M., Traeger, A. C., ..., & McAuley, J. H. (2017). The reliability of eyetracking to assess attentional bias to threatening words in healthy individuals. Behavior Research Methods, 1-15.
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Sullivan, M. J., Bishop, S. R., & Pivik, J. (1995). The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 524.
Sun, Z. K., Wang, J. Y., & Luo, F. (2016). Experimental pain induces attentional bias that is modified by enhanced motivation: An eye tracking study. European Journal of Pain, 20(8), 1266-1277.
Todd, J., Sharpe, L., & Colagiuri, B. (2016). Attentional bias modification and pain: The role of sensory and affective stimuli. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 83, 53-61.
Van Damme, S., Crombez, G., & Eccleston, C. (2002). Retarded disengagement from pain cues: the effects of pain catastrophizing and pain expectancy. Pain, 100(1-2), 111-118.
Vlaeyen, J. W., & Linton, S. J. (2000). Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art. Pain, 85(3), 317-332.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063.
Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(1), 5.
Yang, Z., Jackson, T., & Chen, H. (2013). Effects of chronic pain and pain-related fear on orienting and maintenance of attention: an eye movement study. The Journal of Pain, 14(10), 1148-1157.
Yang, Z., Jackson, T., Gao, X., & Chen, H. (2012). Identifying selective visual attention biases related to fear of pain by tracking eye movements within a dot-probe paradigm. PAIN®, 153(8), 1742-1748.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수