The Korean Journal of Health Psychology
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-070X
- E-ISSN2713-9581
- KCI
The Effects of Well-Being Cognition Technique Using the Smartphone App on the Depression and Subjective Well-Being of Mid-Life Adults
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the well-being cognition technique using thesmartphone app on the Depression and Subjective Well-bing of Mid-life Adults scale. The participants of this study were age 4059. They were allocated to the experimental group of 23 participants and the wait-control group of 25 participants. The experimental treatment was four weeks. The experimental group used the well-being cognition technique smartphone app and instructed to complete the app at least once daily. Measurements in this study included the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (K-CES-D), Korean version of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (K-CERQ), the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Life Satisfaction Expectancy (LSES). The results of study are as follows. The scores of depression in the experimental group were significantly decreased compared to the wait-control group. For the K-CERQ, the scores of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation in the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the wait-control group. But the scores of mal-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation were not different between the groups. However, the difference between pre-post in the experimental group was statistically significant. In subjective well-being, the scores of Positive Affect, SWLS, and LSES in the experimental group were significantly increased compared to the wait-control group. And, the scores of the Negative Affects in the experimental group were significantly decreased compared to the wait-control group. In the RCI, the treatment response rate was approximately 55.3% in the experimental group and 14.3% in the wait-control group. The RCI is significant between the groups. The meaning of this study and subsequent research are discussed.
- keywords
- mid-life Adults, depression, subjective well-being, positive, psychological skill, well-being cognition, smartphone, app, 긍정심리중재기법, 웰빙인지, 스마트폰 앱, 중년기 성인, 우울, 주관적 웰빙
Reference
고은미, 김정호, 김미리혜 (2015). 웰빙인지기법이 여자대학 신입생의 웰빙 및 스트레스에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 20(1), 69-89.
김명자, 박성연 (1989). 중년기 위기감 및 그 관련변인에 관한 연구. 한국가정관리학회지, 7(1), 97-118.
김미옥, 김경숙 (2016). 부부친밀감, 자기효능감, 심리적위기감이 중년남성의 우울에 미치는 영향. 한국웰니스학회지, 11(1), 165-174.
김성완, 이가영, 유혜영, 박지현, 이용성, 김주완, 박철, 이주연, 이요한, 김재민, 윤진상 (2016). 조현병 환자의 인지행동치료 기반 사례관리를 위한 스마트폰앱 개발. Korean J Schizophr Res. 10-16.
김순이, 이정인 (2007). 중년기 성인의 노화불안, 우울및 자아존중감에 대한 연구. 기본간호학회지, 14(1), 103-109.
김정호 (1985). 합치도원리: 약호화 특수성 원리의 대안. 행동과학연구, 7, 65-76.
김정호 (2000). 조금 더 행복해지기: 복지정서의 환경-행동 목록. 서울: 학지사.
김정호 (2006). 동기상태이론: 스트레스와 웰빙의 통합적 이해. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 11(2), 453-484.
김정호 (2007). 삶의 만족 및 삶의 기대와 스트레스 및웰빙의 관계: 동기상태이론의 적용. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 12(2), 325-345.
김정호 (2008). 긍정심리학과 한의학. 동의신경정신과학회지, 19(3), 1-22.
김정호 (2015). 생각 바꾸기. 서울: 불광출판사.
김정호, 김선주 (2007). 스트레스의 이해와 관리(개정증보판). 서울: 시그마프레스.
김정호, 유제민, 서경현, 임성견, 김선주, 김미리혜, 공수자, 강태영, 이지선, 황정은 (2009). 삶의 만족은 만족스러운가: 주관적 웰빙 측정의 보완. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 15(1), 187-205.
김정호, 은희진 (2010). 성경의 웰빙인지와 웰빙 및 스트레스와의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 15(4), 673-685.
김춘경 (2011). 중년기 우울 여성의 심리적 경험 양상에관한 현상학적 연구. 특수교육재활과학연구, 50(3), 25-51.
노민옥, 박경란 (2008). 중년기 직장남성의 생활스트레스 및 대처행동이 심리적 복지감에 미치는 영향. 한국생활과학최지, 17(2), 255-269.
문현미 (2005). 인지행동치료의 제 3동향. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 17(1), 15-33.
민경은, 김정호, 김미리혜 (2014). 웰빙인지기법이 버스운전기사들의 스트레스 및 웰빙에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 19(1), 63-82.
박은빈, 김정호, 김미리혜 (2020). 스마트폰 어플리케이션(APP)을 이용한 웰빙인지기법이 직장인의 직무스트레스 및 주관적 웰빙에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 25(1), 57-74.
박정선, 조재숙, 함선희, 박지수, 권정아 (2016). 청소년우울증 측정 및 관리를 위한 스마트폰 앱 콘텐츠개발. 한국웰니스학회지, 11(2). 319-329.
변외진, 김춘경 (2007). 집단상담: 중년여성의 우울 감소를 위한 내적가족체계치료 집단상담 프로그램의 효과. 상담학연구, 8(4), 1391-1409.
서울시50플러스 (2017). 국내·외 정부 및 민간의 50+정책·사업 실태연구. (https://www.50plus.or.kr/detail.do?id=1057651). 에서 2020.1.20일 자료 얻음.
안현의, 이나빈, 주혜선 (2013). 한국판 인지적 정서조절전략 척도(K-CERQ)의 타당화. 상담학 연구, 14(3), 1773-1794.
오은택, 오현옥 (2011). 중년기 위기감과 건강증진행위및 생활만족의 관계. 한국체육학회지, 50(6), 325-336.
원두리, 김교현 (2006). 심리적 웰빙을 어떻게 추구할것인가. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 11, 124-145.
이은영, 왕은자 (2017). 중년기 위기감 척도의 개발 및타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 29(2), 481-503.
이호길 (2016). 여가활동이 중년기 삶의 우울과 심리적안녕감에 미치는 영향. 동북아관광연구, 12(2), 129-148.
전겸구, 최상진, 양병창 (2001). 통합적 한국판 Ces-d 개발. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 6(1), 59-76.
정덕은, 성경미 (2011). 통합 관리프로그램이 중년기 여성의 갱년기 증상과 우울에 미치는 효과. 동서간호학연구지, 17(1), 40-47.
정보통신정책연구원 (2017). 2017년 한국미디어패널조사결과 주요 내용. (http://www.kisdi.re.kr/kisdi/fp/kr/board/selectSingleBoard.do?cmd=selectSingle Board&boardId=GPK_RND_DATA&seq=32335&reStep=&ctx=).에서 2020.1.20일 자료 얻음.
조명한, 차경호 (1998). 삶의 질에 대한 국가 간 비교. 서울: 집문당
최태산, 박혜경 (2011). 중년남성이 지각한 자기의식과성역할스트레스가 중년의 위기에 미치는 영향. 상담학 연구, 12(3), 931-944.
한경혜, 이정화 (2012). 지금, 중년을 말할 때. 경기도:㈜교문사.
Aguilera, A., & Berridege, C. (2014). Qulitative feedback from a text messaging intervention for depression: benefits, drawbacks, and cultural differences. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 2(4), e46.
Beatty L., Koczwara B., Wade T. (2016). Evaluating the efficacy of a selfguided Web-based CBT intervention for reducing cancer-distress: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer(24), 1043-1051.
Berrouiguet, S., Gravey, M., Le Galudec, M., Alavi, Z., & Walter, M. (2014). Post-actue crisis text messaging outreach for suicide prevention: A pilot study. Psychiatry research, 217(3), 154-157.
Bower, G. J. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129-148.
Buntrock, C., Ebert D., Lehr, D., Riper H., Smit, F., Cuijpers, P., & Berking, M. (2015). Effectiveness of a Web-Based Cognitive Behavioural Intervention. Psychother Psychosom, 15(84), 348-358.
Chen, H., Mishara, B. L., & Liu, X. X. (2010). A pilot study of mobile telephone message interventions with suicide attempters in china. Crisis.
Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., &Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Dunn, B. D. (2012) Helping depressed clients reconnect to postiive emotion experience: Current insights and future directions. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 19(4), 326-340.
Evandrou, M., Glaser, K., & Henz, U. (2002). Multiple role occupancy in midlife: Balancing work and family life in britain. The Gerontologist, 42(6), 781-789.
Fava, G. A, & Rumini, C. (2003). Development and characteristics of a well-being enhancing psychotherapeutic strategy: Well-being Therapy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34, 45-63.
Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2, 300-319.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2002). Positive emotions. Handbook of positive psychology, 120-134.
Garland, E. L., Frdrickson, B. L., King, A. M., Johnson, D. P., Meyer, P. S., & Penn, D. L. (2010). Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity: Insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 849-864.
Garmefski, N., Kraiij, V., Spinhvben, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 11311-11327.
Garmefski, N., Boon, S., & Kraiij, V. (2003). Relationship between cognitive strategies of adolescents and depressive symptomatology across different types of life events. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(6). 401-408.
Garmefski, N., & Kraiij, V. (2006). Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short). Personality and Individual Differences, 41(6), 1045-1053.
Guille C., ZhaoZ., Krystal J., Nichols B., Brady K., Sen S. (2015). Wen-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for the Prevention of Suicidal Ideation in Medical Interns: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry(72), 1192-1198.
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P, (1991). Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 12-19.
Jang, S., Kawachi, I., Chang, J., Boo, K., Shin, H., Lee, H., & Cho, S. (2009). Marital status, gender, and depression: Analysis of the baseline survey of the korean longitudinal study of ageing (KLoSA). Social Science & Medicine, 69(11), 1608-1615.
Johansson, R., & Andersson, G. (2012). Internet-based psychological treatments for depression. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 12(7), 861-870.
Kim, J.-H. (1986a). Some difficulties of encoding specificity principle. Korean Journal of Psychology, 5(2), 154-166.
Kim, J.-H. (1986b). Compatibility principle model: A general framework for memory research. Research Review (Duksung Women's University), 6, 69-103.
Kim, J.-H. (1992). Inner-outer compatibility principle model: Functionalism and computationalism. Korean Journal of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 4, 165-177.
Kuppens, P., Realo, A., & Diener, E. (2008). The role of positive and negative emotions in lfie satisfaction judgment across nation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 66-75.
Layous, K., Chancellor, J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014). Positive activities as protective factors againstmental health conditions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(1), 3-12.
Levinson, Daniel J. (1978). The seasons of a Man’s Life. New York: Knopf
Lightsey, Jr. O. R., & Boyrza, G. (2011). Do positive thinking and meaning mediated the positive affect-life satisfaction relationship? Canadian Journal of Behavioral science, 43(3), 203-213.
Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want. New York: The Penguin Press.
Lyubomoirsky, S., & Layous, K. (2013). How do simple positive activities increase well-being? Psychological Science, 22(1), 57-62.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Parker, L. E., & Larson, J. (1994). Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(1), 92-104.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 504-511.
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.
Cho MJ, Kim KH. (1998). Use of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression(CES-D) Scale in Korea. The Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 186(5), 304-310.
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (1996). Psychological well-being: Meaning, Measurement, and implications for psychothearpy research. Psychoterhapy and Psychosomatics, 65, 14-23.
Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). An introduction to positive psychology. University of Pennsylvania, MAPP, 600, 8-12.
Seligman, M. E., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 61(8), 774.
Shen, N., Levitan, M. J., Johnson, A., Bender, J. L., Hamilton-page, M., Jadad, A. R., & Wiljer, D. (2015). Finding a Depression APP : A review and content Analysis of the Depression APP:Marketplace. JMIR mHealth uHealth, 3(1), 1-16.
Sin, N. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well ‐being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice ‐friendly meta‐analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467-487.
Taylor, C. T., Lyubomirsky, S., & Stein, M. B. (2017). Upregulating the positive affect system in anxiety and depression: Outcomes of a positive activity intervention. Depression and Anxiety, 34(3), 267-280.
Teasdale, J. D. (1993). Emotion and two kinds of meaning: cognitive therapy and applied cognitive science. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 31(4), 339-354.
Teasdale, J. D. (1999). Metacognition mindfulness and the modification of mood disorders. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6(2), 146-155.
Watts, S., Mackenzie, A., Thomas, C., Griskaitis, A., Mewton, L., Williams, A., & Andrews, G. (2013). CBT for depression: a pilot RCT comparing mobile phne vs. computer. BMC psychiatry, 13(1), 49.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations