Hostile and Benevolent Sexism and the Evaluation of the Autocratic vs. Democratic Female Leadership

안미영; 김혜숙; 안상수

권한신청
P-ISSN1229-0653
KCI

홈으로

ISSN : 1229-0653

논문 상세

이전 다음

논문 투고

Vol.19 No.2

Citation Share

적대적/온정적 성차별주의와 전제/민주방식의 여성지도자에 대한 평가

Hostile and Benevolent Sexism and the Evaluation of the Autocratic vs. Democratic Female Leadership

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;

2005, v.19 no.2, pp.17-38

안미영 (신라대학교)
김혜숙 (경인교육대학교)
안상수 (경북대학교)

안미영, 김혜숙, & 안상수. (2005). 적대적/온정적 성차별주의와 전제/민주방식의 여성지도자에 대한 평가. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 19(2), 17-38.

복사

다운로드 수
조회수

PDF 다운로드

초록

여성지도자에 대한 평가가 그녀의 전제적 혹은 민주적 리더십 행동 유형에 따라, 그리고 평가자가 지닌 적대적 및 온정적 성차별 태도에 따라 달라지는 지를 검토하였다. 이를 위하여 대학생 참여자들에게 민주적 혹은 전제적 방식으로 행동하는 여성 지도자에 대한 스크립트를 제시하고 그에 대해 평가하도록 하였다. 여성지도자에 대한 평가는 관계적인 면과 능력적인 면, 그리고 의미미분척도를 통한 태도의 세 가지 측면에서 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 역할일치 이론이 예언하는 바와 같이 여성지도자의 따뜻함이나 수용도, 호감과 같은 관계적인 면의 평가나 여성지도자에 대한 태도는 그녀가 성역할에 일치하는 민주방식으로 지도할 때 성역할에 맞지 않는 전제방식으로 지도할 때보다 더 긍정적으로 평가받으며, 이런 반응은 특히 남자 평가자에서 두드러졌다. 한편, 여성 지도자에 대한 능력 평가에서는 전제적인 여성지도자가 민주적인 여성지도자보다 더 능력이 많은 것으로 평가되는 경향이 나타났으며 이러한 경향은 여자 평가자에게서만 유의미하게 나타났다. 또한, 여성에 대한 온정적인 성차별 태도를 지닐수록 여성지도자를 전반적으로 더 좋게 평가하였으며 이러한 온정적 성차별의 영향력은 특히 여자 평가자가 민주적인 여성지도자에 대한 태도를 평가할 때 두드러지게 나타났다. 마지막으로, 남녀 평가자가 여성에 대한 적대적인 성차별태도를 강하게 가질수록 전제적인 여성지도자를 민주적 여성지도자보다 더 능력이 높은 것으로 평가하였다. 연구의 결과와 함의가 논의되었다.

keywords: autocratic-democratic leadership style, female leader, role congruity theory, ambivalent sexism, hostile/benevolent sexism, gender-role, 전제적-민주적 지도방식, 여성지도자, 역할일치이론, 양가적 성차별주의, 적대적/온정적 성차별주의, 성 역할

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to investigate whether the evaluation of a female leader with either autocratic or democratic leadership style would be affected in terms of the sex of the evaluator and the hostile and/or benevolent sexism of the evaluator. The evaluation of a female leader was measured on 3 aspects：relational aspects, competence, and the attitude toward the female leader. The results of the analyses regarding the evaluation on the relational aspects, such as warmth, acceptability and likability, and the attitudes toward the female leader were consistent with the prediction by the role congruity theory; the democratic female leader, whose behaviors were congruent with the expectation of female gender-role, was more highly evaluated than the autocratic female leader, whose behaviors were incongruent. This differential evaluations between the democratic and autocratic female leader were more conspicuous in male evaluators. The competence of a female leader tended to be more highly evaluated for the autocratic female leader than the democratic female leader, which was significant only for the female evaluators. The more the participants advocated the benevolent sexism, the more positively the female leader was evaluated on all aspects. This positive influence of the benevolent sexism was especially true when the female participants evaluated the attitudes toward the democratic leader. The more male and female evaluators advocated the hostile sexism, they evaluated the autocratic female leader as more competent than the democratic female leader. The results and the implications of the study were discussed.

keywords: autocratic-democratic leadership style, female leader, role congruity theory, ambivalent sexism, hostile/benevolent sexism, gender-role, 전제적-민주적 지도방식, 여성지도자, 역할일치이론, 양가적 성차별주의, 적대적/온정적 성차별주의, 성 역할

참고문헌

김양희, (2000) 한국형 남녀평등의식검사 개발 사회 및 성격,

김영희, (1995) 한국형 성역할검사(Korean Sex Role Inven- tory) 개발 연구,

김혜숙, (1995) 리더의 성 리더십 유형과 직업 유형이 리더에 대한 평가에 미치는 영향,

김혜숙 ; 장재윤, (2002) 여성 공무원 리더의 효율성, 성 정체성, 삶의 만족도와 조직의 성차별 문화 , 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제

김혜숙, (2005) 적대적 성차별주의와 온정적 성차별주의가 여성 집단에 대한 평가에 미치는 영향,

김혜숙 ; 안미영 ; 안상수, (2005) 한국형 양가적 성차별주의 척도(K-ASI) 개발 및 타당화 연구, 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격

Abele. A. E. , (2003) The dynamics of masculine-agentic and feminine-communal traits Findings from a prospective study ,

Abrams, D.,, (2003) Perceptions of stranger and acquaintance rape The role of benevolent and hostile sexism in victim blame and rape proclivity Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,

Rand McNally, (1966) The duality of human existence An essay on psychology and religion,

10.

Beere, (1984) A measure of attitudes toward equity between the sexes,

11.

Diekman, A. B., , (1999) Stereotypes as dynamic constructs Women and men of the past,

12.

A, (1987) Sex differences in social behavior,

13.

Eagly,A.H.,, (1991) Gender and the emergence of leaders：A meta-analysis,

14.

Eagly,A.H.,, (2002) Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders,

15.

Eagly, A. H.,, (1995) Gender and the effectiveness of leaders,

16.

A, (1992) Gender and the evaluation of leaders,

17.

Ellemers, N. , (2001) Individual upward mobility and the perceived legitimacy of intergroup relations The psychology of legitimacy, Cambridge University Press

18.

Fiske, (2002) Compe- tence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,

19.

Fiske, (1999) Status and inter- dependence predict ambivalent stereotypes of compe- tence and warmth Journal of Social Issues,

20.

Forsyth,D.R.,Heiney,M.M.,, (1997) Biases in appraisals of women leaders,

21.

Geis, (1985) Sex of authority role models and achievement by men and women Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,

22.

Glick, (1997) The two faces of Adam Ambivalent sexism and polarized attitudes toward women,

23.

Glick, (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psy- chology,

24.

Glick, (1997) Measuring ambivalent sexism attitudes toward women Psychology of Women Quarterly,

25.

Glick, P.,, (1999) The ambivalence toward men inventory Differentiation hostile and benevo- lent beliefs about men Psychology of Women Quarterly,

26.

Glick, P, (2004) Bad but bold Ambivalent attitude toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations Journal of Person- ality and Social Psychology,

27.

Glick, P, (2000) Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,

28.

Glick, (2001) Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality,

29.

Goodwin, (1998) Journal of Social Issues,

30.

Heilman, (1995) Do they influence perceptions of managers? Journal of Social Behavior and Person- ality,

31.

Heilman, (1987) unintentionally harmed? Impact of sex-based preferential selection on self-perception and self-evaluations Journal of Applied Psychology,

32.

Jacobs,R.L.,, (1994) Moving up the corporate ladder：A longitudinal study of the leadership motive pattern and the managerial success in women and men,

33.

Kanter, (1977) Men and women of the corporation, Basic Books

34.

Lenny,E, (1977) Women's self-confidence in achieve- ment settings,

35.

Moskowitz, (1994) Situational influences on gender differences in agency and communion Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,

36.

& Jacobowitz, (1996) and coping in the evaluation of leadership effec- tiveness,

37.

Rojahn,K.,, (1994) The evaluation of effectiveness and likability of gender-role congruent and gender-role incongruent leaders,

38.

Schein,V.E, (1973) The relationship between sex role stereotypes and requisite management charac- teristics,

39.

Schein,V.E, (1975) Relationships between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics among female managers,

40.

Schein,V.E, (2001) A global look at psychological barriers to women's progress in management,

41.

Austin, University of Texas,

42.

Swim, (1995199-214) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,

43.

Twenge,J.M, (1997) Changes in masculine and feminine traits over time：A meta-analysis,

44.

Twenge,J.M, (2001) Changes in women's assertiveness in response to status and roles：A cross-temporal meta-analysis,

45.

Wood, (1997) Conformity to sex-typed norms Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,

바로가기메뉴

논문 상세

Vol.19 No.2

적대적/온정적 성차별주의와 전제/민주방식의 여성지도자에 대한 평가

Hostile and Benevolent Sexism and the Evaluation of the Autocratic vs. Democratic Female Leadership

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격