바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Reconstructing the Function of Flow: Moderate Effects of Significant Other on Relationship between Flow and Happiness

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2010, v.24 no.4, pp.43-62
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2010.24.4.003


Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the function of flow in relational context. Previous studies on the function of flow suggested that flow has a positive effect on personal growth and happiness. However, Previous studies were only focused on individual context and aspect of flow. However it was supposed that the function of flow could be changed according to the contexts, the present study focused relational function of flow. In study 1, moderate effects were found that significant other's approval/disapproval, regulation with significant other and self conscious emotion moderated relationship between on flow and happiness. In study 2, the reasons of disapproval on person's flow were that flow activities were not socially valuable and flow pursuing frequently violated relational expectancy. The Results of present studies suggested that the functions of flow could be changed and reconstructed along the contexts. Results of the present research had a valuable implication in that it is not sufficient to conduct a research on individual happiness and positivity only in individual context. Instead, It is necessary that individual positive concepts should be reappraised carefully in relational, interdependent, moral context.

keywords
몰입, 중요타인, 맥락효과, 몰입의 부정적 기능, flow, negative function of flow, significant other, relational context

Reference

1.

곽소영,손은정.(2008). 이성 관계에서 심리적 욕구충족이 관계만족에 미치는 영향:내재적 동기와 갈등해결전략의 매개역할.한국심리학회지:여성,13(2), 177-195.

2.

문숙재,최자경 (2003).진지한 여가활동 몰입과 가족여가 갈등에 관한 연구.여가학연구,1(1),23-39.

3.

박근수,유태용.(2007).일 몰입의 선행변인 및 결과변인에 관한 연구.한국심리학회지:산업 및 조직, 20(3),219-251.

4.

장수지.(2009).부부관계 심리적 자립으로 본 부부유형에 따른 부부관계의 질:갈등해결전략의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지:여성,14(1),133-151.

5.

장훈.(2001).몰입경험과 심리적 적응지표의 관계와 관한 연구:인터넷 활동 중심으로.고려대학교 석사학위 논문.

6.

최상진.(1997).당사자 심리학과 제 3자 심리학:인간관계 조망의 두 가지 틀.한국 심리학회 추계심포지움,131-143.

7.

한규석,최상진.(2008).마음의 연구와 심리학:마음의 문화심리적 분석에 바탕한 심리의 작용 틀.한국심리학회지:일반,27(2),281-307.

8.

한성열,장훈.(2010).관계맥락과 몰입의 부정적 효과. 여가학연구(InPress).

9.

허태균,장훈.(2007).중독과 여가,양적인 차이인가 질적인 차이인가?중독,하나인가?여럿인가?즐김과 중독.한국 심리학회 심포지움.29-35.

10.

Adlai-Gail, W. (1994). Exploring the autoteltic personality. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago.

11.

Andersen, L. M., & Berk, M. S. (1998). Transference in everyday experience: Implications of experimental research forrelevant clinical phenomena. Review of General Psychology,2,81-120.

12.

Andersen, L. M., Reznik, I., & Chen, S. (1997). The self in relation to others: Motivational and cognitive underpinnings. Annual of New york Academy of Sciences,818,233-275.

13.

Baldwin, M. W., Carrell, S. E., & Lopez, D. F. (1990). Priming relationship schemas: My advisor and the popeare watching me from the back of my mind. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,26, 435-454.

14.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

15.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51,1173-1182.

16.

Baum, A., & Andersen, S. M. (1999). Interpersonal roles in transference: Transient mood effects under the condition of significant-other resemblance. Social Cognition,17,161-185.

17.

Bergsma, Ad., G, Poot.,& Liefbroer, A. C. (2008). Happiness in the garden of epicurus. Journal of Happiness Studies,9(3),397-423.

18.

Berscheid, E., & Ammazzalorso, H. (2001). Emotional experience in close relationships. In G. J. O. Fletcher & M. S. Clark (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: Interpersonal processes (pp.308–330). Malden,MA: Blackwell.

19.

Carli, M., Delle Fave, A., & Massimini, F. (1988). The quality of experience in the flow channels: Comparison of Italian and U.S. students. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds), Optimal experience (pp. 288-306). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

20.

Cialdini R. B., & Trost, M. R. (1998). Social influence: Social norms, conformity, and compliance. In The handbook of social psychology, ed. D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, G. Lindzey, 2,151–192.Boston: McGraw-Hill.4thed.

21.

Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). The chamele on effect: The perception-behavior link and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,76,893–910.

22.

Coleman, L. J. (1994). Being a teacher : Emotional and optimal experience while teaching gifted children. Gifted Child Quarterly,38(3),146-152.

23.

Cozzarelli, C., & Karafa, J. A. (1998). Cultural estrangement and terror management theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,24(3),253-267.

24.

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Finding flow. New York: Basic.

25.

Csikszentmihalyi, M.(2000). Beyond boredom and anxiety.San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.

26.

Csikszentmihalyi, M.,& Csikszentmihalyi, I. (Eds). (1988).Optimal experience. Cambridge,England: Cambridge University Press.

27.

Csikszentmihalyi, M.,& Hunter, J.(2003). Happiness in everyday life: The uses of experience sampling. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4, 185-199.

28.

Csikszentmihalyi, M.,& LeFevre, J.(1989).Optimal experience in work and leisure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,56,815-822.

29.

Csikszentmihalyi, M.,& Rathunde, K.(1993).The measurement of flow in everyday life. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation,40,57-97.

30.

Deci, E. (1975) Intrinsic motivation. New York:Plenum.

31.

Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (2000). Self-Determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivations, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist,55(1),68-78.

32.

Diener, E., Gohm, C. L., Suh, E., & Oishi, S.(2000). Similarity of the relations between maritalstatus and subjective well-being across cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,31,419-436.

33.

Diener, E.,& Suh, E. M. (Eds.).(2000). Subjective well-being across cultures. Cambridge,MA: MIT Press.

34.

Eccles, J. S., & Midgley C.(1989). Stage/environment fit: Developmentally appropriate classrooms for early adolescents. In Ames R., Ames C.,(Eds). 1989. Research on Motivation in Education,Vol. 3(pp.139–181).New York:Academic.

35.

Eccles, J. S., Wigfield, A., & Schiefele U.(1998). Motivation. In Eisenberg N.,(ed).Handbook of child psychology, Vol.3(pp.1017-1095).New York:Wiley. 5thed.

36.

Ferguson, M. J. (2007). The automaticity of evaluation. In J, A Bargh (Eds), Social psychology and the unconscious (pp.219-264). New York:Psychology Press.

37.

Fishbach, A., & Ferguson, M. J. (2007). The goal construct in social psychology. In A. M. Kruglanski., & E. T. Hinggins.(Eds), Social psychology handbook of basic principles (pp. 490-515). New York: The Guilford Press.

38.

Hektner, J. (1996). Exploring optimal personality development: A longitudinal study of adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago.

39.

Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy theory: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review,94,319-340.

40.

Higgins, E. T. (2006). Value from hedonic experience and engagement. Psychological Review,113(3), 439-460.

41.

Hills, P., Argyle, M., & Reeves, R. (2000). Individual differences in leisure satisfaction : An investigation of four theories of leisure motivation. Personality and Individual Differences,28,763-779.

42.

Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2001). The oxford happiness questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychology well-being. Personality and Individual Differences,33,1073-1082.

43.

Iyengar, S. S., & Lepper, M. R. (1999). Rethinking the value of choice: A cultural perspective on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,76(3),349-366.

44.

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2005). New developments in social interdependence theory. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs,131(4),285-358.

45.

Keller, J., & Bless, H. (2008). Flow and regulatory compatibility: An experimental approach to the flow model of intrinsic motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,34(2),196-209.

46.

Kitayama, S. (2002). Culture and basic psychological theory: Toward a system view of culture: Comment on Oysermanetal.(2002).Psychological Bulletin,128, 89–96.

47.

Leary, M. R., Adams, C. E., & Tate, E. B. (2006). Hypo-egoicself-regulation: Exercising self-control by diminishing the influence of the self.Journal of Personality,74(6),1083-1831.

48.

McQuillan, J., & Conde, G.(1996). The condition of low in reading: Two studies of optimal experience. Reading Psychology,17(2),109-35.

49.

Moretti, M., & Higgins, E. T. (1999). Internal representations of others in self-regulation:A new look ata classic issue.Social Cognition, 17(2),186-208.

50.

Nakamura, J. (1988). Optimal experience and the use of talent. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi(Eds), Optimal experience (pp. 319-326). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

51.

Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi. M. (2002).The concept of flow. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 89-105). Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.

52.

Niedenthal, P. M., Tangney, J. P., & Gavanski I. (1994)."If only I weren't" versus "if only I hadn't": Distinguishing shame and guilt in counterfactual thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,67(4),585-95.

53.

Oishi, S., Diener, E., Suh, E., & Lucas, R. E. (1999). Value as a moderatorin subjective well-being. Journal of Personality, 67(1),157-184.

54.

Oishi, S., Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Suh, E. (1999). Cross cultural variations in predictors of life satisfaction: Perspective from needs and values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,25, 980-990.

55.

Orth, U., Berking, M., & Burkhardt, S. (2006). Self-consciouse motions and depression: Rumination explains why shame but not guiltismal adaptive. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,32(2), 1608-1619.

56.

Oyserman, D., Coon, H., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of the oretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin,128,3-73.

57.

Patall, E. A., Cooper, A., & Robinson, J. C. (2008). The effects of choice on intrinsic motivation and related outcomes: A meta-analysis of research findings. Psychological Bulletin,134(2),270-300.

58.

Perry, S. K. (1999). Writing in flow. Cincinnati, OH: Writer's Digest Books.

59.

Ratzlaff, C., Matsumoto, D., Kouznetsova, N., Raroque, J., & Ray. R.(2000). Individual psychological culture and subjective well-being. In E. Diener& E. M. Suh (Eds.), Cross-cultural psychology of subjective well-being (pp.37-60). Boston:MIT Press.

60.

Rathunde, K. (1988). Optimal experience and the family context. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi(Eds),Optimal experience (pp. 342-363). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

61.

Rathunde, K. (1996). Family context and talented adolescents' optimal experience in school-related activities.Journal of Research on Adolescence,6, 605-628.

62.

Sato, I. (1988). Bosozoku: Flow in Japanese motorcycle gangs.In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds), Optimal experience (pp.92-117).Cambridge, England:Cambridge University Press.

63.

Schwartz, B. (2000). Self-Determination: The tyranny of freedom. American Psychologist,55(1),79-88.

64.

Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C.(2005). Positive psychology progress empirical validation of interventions.American Psychologist, 60(5),410–421

65.

Shah, J. (2003a). Automatic for the people:How representation of significant others implicitly affect goal pursuit.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,84(4),661-681.

66.

Shah, J. (2003b). The motivational looking glass: How significant others implicitly affect goal appraisals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(3),424-439.

67.

Silverberg, S. B., & Steinberg, L. (1987). Adolescent autonomy, parent-adolescentconflict, and parental well-being. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16(3),293-312.

68.

Suh, E., Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Triandis, H. C. (1998). The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across culture: Emotion versus norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,74, 482-493.

69.

Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). Gender differences inmorality. In R. F. Bornstein and J. M. Masling (Eds.), Empirical studies in psychoanalytic theories: Vol.10.The psychodynamics of gender and gender role(pp.251-269).Washington,DC.

70.

Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2004). Putting the self into self-consciouse motions: A theoretical model. Psychological Inquiry,15(2),103-125.

71.

Trevino, L., & Trevino, J. (1992). Flow in computer-mediated communication. Communication Research,19,539-573.

72.

Turner JC, Meyer DK. 1999. Integrating classroom context into motivation theory and research: Rationale, methods, and implications. In T. Urdan (Ed) The role of context: Advances in motivation and achievement. Vol.11(pp.87–122).Stamford, CT:JAI Press

73.

Vallercher, R. R., & Wegner, D. M. (1985). A theory of action identification. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

74.

Vallercher, R. R., & Wegner, D. M. (1987). What do people think they're doing: Action identification and human behavior. Psychological Review,94, 3-15.

75.

VanLange, P. A. M., DeCremer, D., VanDijk, E.,& Van Vugt, M. (2007). Self-interest and beyond: Basic principles of social interaction. In Kruglanski, A. M., & Hinggins, E. T. (Eds), Socialpsychology handbook of basic principles (pp.540-561).New York:The Guilford Press.

76.

Wanner, B., Ladouceur, R., Auclair, A. V., & Vitaro, F.(2006).Flow and dissociation: Examination of mean levels, cross-links, and links to emotional well-being across sports and recreational and pathological gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies,22,289-304.

77.

Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. J., Goldbacher, E., Green, H., Miller, C., & Philip, S. (2003). Predicting the subjective experience of intrinsic motivation: The roles of self-determination, the balance of challenge and skills, and self-realization values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,29(11), 1447-1458.

78.

Wells, A. (1988). Self-esteem and optimal experience. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds), Optimal experience (pp. 327-341). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

79.

Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyber Psychology and Behavior,1(3),237-244.

80.

Zimbardo, P. G. (1970). The human choice: individuation, reason, and order versusde individuation, impulse, andchaos. In W. J. Arnold & D. Levine (Eds.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Vol. 18. Lincoln:University of Nebraska Press.

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology