바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

ACOMS+ 및 학술지 리포지터리 설명회

  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
사전등록 바로가기
 

logo

ISSN : 1229-0653

논문 상세

이전 다음
논문 투고

Vol.25 No.2

Citation Share

허위 독특성 편향의 문화차: 문화와 자기고양에 대한 재고

Cultural Variation in False-Uniqueness Bias: Culture and Self-Enhancement Revisited

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2011, v.25 no.2, pp.127-142
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2011.25.2.007
박혜경 (성신여자대학교)
박혜경. (2011). 허위 독특성 편향의 문화차: 문화와 자기고양에 대한 재고. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 25(2), 127-142, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2011.25.2.007

초록

최근 일부 문화심리학 연구들은 동아시아인들이 자기고양 동기를 가지고 있지 않다는 생각에 반대하며, 이들이 적어도 자신에게 적절하고 중요한 특질들에 관해서는 자기고양 편향을 보인다고 주장한다. 본 연구는 동아시아인들(혹은 집단주의 성향을 가진 사람들)과 서구인들(혹은 개인주의 성향을 가진 사람들) 간의 자기고양 편향의 차이가 특질영역에 따라 다른 수준으로 나타나는지를 검증하였다. 더 나아가 독립적, 혹은 상호의존적 자기개념을 점화하는 것이 자기고양에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 탐색하였다. 자기고양 경향은 허위 독특성 편향으로 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 허위 독특성 편향은 한국인들보다 미국인들이 강하게 보이며, 독립성 영역보다 상호의존성 영역에서 더 두드러짐을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 독립성 영역에서와는 달리 상호의존성 영역에서는 집단주의 성향이 강한 사람들도 집단주의 성향이 약한 사람들만큼의 허위 독특성 편향을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 더불어, 개인의 집단주의 성향은 특질 중요도를 매개로 하여 상호의존성에 관한 허위 독특성 편향에 영향을 줌을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 개인의 문화 성향과 점화의 방향이 일치할 때 허위 독특성 편향이 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

keywords
허위 독특성 편향, 문화, 자기고양, 문화 점화, false-uniqueness bias, culture, self-enhancement, self-construal priming

Abstract

Recent research in cultural psychology challenges the notion that East Asians lack a self-enhancement motive, and argues that they do self-enhance, at least, on traits they find personally relevant and important. The present study examined if self-enhancement of East Asians (or individuals with collectivistic orientation) as opposed to Westerners (or individuals with individualistic orientation) would differ by trait domain. In addition, this study explored effects of priming independent vs. interdependent self-construal on self-enhancement. The tendency toward self-enhancement was measured by a false-uniqueness bias (FUB). It was found that the FUB was substantially stronger for Americans than for Koreans and greater in interdependence than in independence domain. Moreover, in the interdependence domain individuals high on collectivism showed the FUB as much as individuals low on collectivism did. In addition, the perceived importance of interdependent traits mediated the FUB on these traits. Finally, the FUB was affected by self-construal priming such that the FUB became stronger when the momentary priming of self-construal was congruent with one's chronic orientation toward collectivism vs. individualism.

keywords
허위 독특성 편향, 문화, 자기고양, 문화 점화, false-uniqueness bias, culture, self-enhancement, self-construal priming

참고문헌

1.

김정식, 송유진, 이성수(2008). 문화점화가 자기평가에미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 22,177-194.

2.

조긍호(2002). 문화성향과 허구적 독특성 지각 경향.한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 16, 91-111.

3.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). Themoderator-mediator variable distinction in socialpsychological research: Conceptual, strategic, andstatistical considerations. Journal of Personalityand Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.

4.

Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this "We"?: Levels of collective identity and selfrepresentations. Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 71, 83-93.

5.

Brown, J. D. (2003). The self-enhancement motive incollectivistic cultures: The rumors of my deathhave been greatly exaggerated. Journal ofCross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 603-605.

6.

Cha, O. (2006). "I" see trees, "we" see forest:Cognitive consequences of independence vs.interdependence. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

7.

Gardner, W. L., Gabriel, S., & Lee, A. Y. (1999). "I"value freedom, but "We" value relationships:Self-construal priming mirrors culturaldifferences in judgment. Psychological Science,10, 321-326.

8.

Goethals, G. R., Messick, D. M., & Allison, S. T.(1991). The uniqueness bias: Studies ofconstructive social comparison. In J. Suls & T.A. Wills (Eds.), Social comparison:Contemporary theory and research. Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.

9.

Haberstroh, S., Oyserman, D., Schwarz, N., Kuhnen,U., & Ji, L. J. (2002). Is the interdependent selfmore sensitive to question context than theindependent self? Self-construal and theobservation of conversational norms. Journal ofExperimental Social Psychology, 38, 323-329.

10.

Heine, S. J., & Hamamura, T. (2007). In search ofEast Asian self-enhancement. Personality andSocial Psychology Review, 11, 4-27.

11.

Heine, S. J., Kitayama, S., Lehman, D. R., Takata,T., Ide, E., Leung, C. et al. (2001). Divergentconsequences of success and failure in Japanand North America: An investigation ofself-improving motivations and malleable selves.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,81, 599-615.

12.

Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1997). The culturalconstruction of self-enhancement: Anexamination of group-serving biases. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 72,1268-1283.

13.

Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1999). Culture,self-discrepancies, and self-satisfaction. Personalityand Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 915-925.

14.

Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., &Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal needfor positive self-regard? Psychological Review,106, 766-794.

15.

Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Peng, K., & Greenholtz,J. (2002). What's wrong with cross-culturalcomparisons of subjective Likert scales? Thereference-group problem. Journal of Personalityand Social Psychology, 82, 903-918.

16.

Heine, S. J., Takata, T., & Lehman, D. R. (2000).Beyond self-presentation: Evidence forself-criticism among Japanese. Personality andSocial Psychology Bulletin, 26, 71-78.

17.

Hewstone, M., Bond, M. H., & Wan, K. C. (1983).Social facts and social attributions: Theexplanation of intergroup differences in HongKong. Social Cognition, 2, 142-157.

18.

Hui, C. H. (1988). Measurement ofindividualism-collectivism. Journal of Researchin Personality, 22, 17-36.

19.

Kashima, E. S., & Kashima, Y. (1998). Culture andlanguage: The case of cultural dimensions andpersonal pronoun use. Journal of Cross-CulturalPsychology, 29, 461-486.

20.

Kashima, Y., & Kashima, E. S. (2003). Individualism,GNP, climate, and pronoun drop: Is individualismdetermined by affluence and climate, or doeslanguage use play a role? Journal ofCross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 125-134.

21.

Kitayama, S., Park, H., Sevincer, A. T., Karasawa,M., & Uskul, A. K. (2009). A cultural taskanalysis of implicit independence: Comparing North America, Western Europe, and East Asia.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,97, 236-255.

22.

Kuhnen, U., & Oyserman, D. (2002). Thinking aboutthe self influences thinking in general: Cognitiveconsequences of salient self-concept. Journal ofExperimental Social Psychology, 38, 492-499.

23.

Kurman, J. (2001). Self-enhancement: Is it restrictedto individualistic cultures? Personality and SocialPsychology Bulletin, 27, 1705-1716.

24.

Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991a). Culturalvariation in self-concept. In G. R. Goethals & J.Strauss (Eds.), Multidisciplinary perspectives onthe self (pp. 18-48). New York, NY:Springer-Verlag.

25.

Muramoto, Y., & Yamaguchi, S. (1997). Anothertype of self-serving bias: Coexistence ofself-effacing and group-serving tendencies inattribution in the Japanese culture. JapaneseJournal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37,65-75.

26.

Muramoto, Y., & Yamaguchi, S. (2003). When"self-effacement" disappears: Narratives ofpersonal and group successes depending on aningroup relationship. The Japanese Journal ofPsychology, 74, 253-262.

27.

Na, J., & Choi, I. (2009). Culture and first-personpronouns. Personality and Social PsychologyBulletin, 35, 1492-1499.

28.

Na, J., Grossmann, I., Varnum, M. E. W., Kitayama,S., Gonzalez, R., & Nisbett, R. E. (2010). Culturaldifferences are not always reducible to individualdifferences. Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences of the USA, 107,6192-6197.

29.

Oyserman, D., & Lee, S. W. S. (2007). Priming"culture": Culture as situated cognition. In S.Kitayama & D. Cohen (Eds.), Hanbook ofcultural psychology (pp. 255-279). New York,NY: Guilford Press.

30.

Oyserman, D., & Lee, S. W. S. (2008). Does cultureinfluence what and how we think? Effects ofpriming individualism and collectivism.Psychological Bulletin, 134, 311-342.

31.

Oyserman, D., Sorensen, N., Reber, R., & Chen, S.X. (2009). Connecting and separating mind-sets:Culture as situated cognition. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 97, 217-235.

32.

Park, H., Stanik, C., & Ybarra, O. (2011). Theprimacy of communion in self-judgment andreputation monitoring. Unpublished manuscript,Sungshin Women's University.

33.

Peng, K., Nisbett, R. E., & Wong, N. Y. C. (1997).Validity problems comparing values acrosscultures and possible solutions. PsychologicalMethods, 2, 329-344.

34.

Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., & Toguchi, Y. (2003).Pancultural self-enhancement. Journal ofPersonality and Social Psychology, 84, 60-79.

35.

Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervalsfor indirect effects in structural equation models.In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological methodology(pp. 290-312). Washington, DC: AmericanSociological Association.

36.

Suls, J., Wan, C. K., & Sanders, G. S. (1988). Falseconsensus and false uniqueness in estimating theprevalence of health-protective behaviors.Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 18, 66-79.

37.

Taylor, D. M., & Jaggi, V. (1974). Ethnocentrismand causal attribution in a South Indian context.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 5,162-171.

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격

논문 투고 OA 정책