ISSN : 1229-0653
본 연구는 행복과 관련된 개인적 특성과 상황적 맥락을 파악함으로써, 한국사회에서 누가 그리고 언제 행복한가의 질문에 답하고자 했다. 이를 위해서 응답자의 행복 수준을 회고식 평가 방식(연구 1)과 경험 표집 방식(연구 2)으로 측정하여 다양한 인구학적, 심리적, 상황적 변인들과의 관계를 검토했다. 그 결과, 선행연구에서와 마찬가지로 한국사회에서도 행복한 삶을 살아가는데 외적, 상황적 요인보다 개인의 심리적 특성이 중요하다는 사실이 재확인되었다. 본 연구에서 성격 특성과 행복에 대한 긍정적 관점은 회고적 행복 판단을 18% 예측했으며, 실시간적 행복 경험의 경우 40% 이상이 내적 동기와 의미감에 의해 설명되었다. 반면에 인구학적 특징에 따른 행복의 차이는 매우 미약했다. 개인이 경험하는 행복 수준은 연령, 성별, 결혼여부, 종교, 학력 및 직업에 따라 차이가 없었고, 소득을 포함한 모든 인구학적 변인은 행복의 개인차를 단지 3%만 설명했다. 이러한 결과는 학벌이나 소득과 같은 개인의 외적 요소가 강조되는 한국 사회에서도 행복의 개인차가 객관적 삶의 여건보다 심리적 요인에 의해서 더 잘 설명될 수 있음을 시사한다. 끝으로 한국인의 행복 증진을 위한 사회적 노력의 방향에 대해 논의했다.
A representative Korean adult sample (N=1,000) was examined to understand the relationship between subjective well-being and major demographic and personality variables (Study 1). An experience sampling study was conducted additionally (Study 2; N=160) to reduce global memory biases. Consistent with past findings (Diener et al., 1999), individual's characteristics played a far more significant role than objective resources in predicting Koreans' happiness. Personality traits and lay beliefs of happiness accounted for about 18% of the variance in the self-reports, and sense of meaning and internal motivation accounted for more than 40% of the variance in predicting when people are happy. In comparison, demographic factors (e.g., age, marital status, religion, education, income) accounted for only 3% of the happiness variance. In sum, even in Korea where objective conditions of happiness are highly sought after, who the person is (his/her psychological characteristics) seems to be more important than what the person has (objective resource) in predicting happiness.
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