바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

ISSN : 1229-0653

논문 상세

이전 다음
논문 투고

Vol.28 No.3
Citation Share

P300 숨긴정보검사에서 시행수가 검사결과에 미치는 영향

Effects of the Number of Trials on Test Results in P300-based Concealed Information Test

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2014, v.28 no.3, pp.61-79
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2014.28.3.004
엄진섭 (충북대학교)
박광배 (충북대학교)
엄진섭, & 박광배. (2014). P300 숨긴정보검사에서 시행수가 검사결과에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 28(3), 61-79, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2014.28.3.004
  • 다운로드 수
  • 조회수
PDF 다운로드

초록

시행수는 P300 숨긴정보검사(P300 CIT)에 두 가지 방식으로 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 한 가지는 시행수가 많아질수록 자극에 습관화되어 P300 진폭이 감소할 가능성이 있다는 점이다. P300 진폭이 감소하면 P300 CIT의 정확판단율은 감소할 것이다. 다른 한 가지는 시행수가 많아질수록 통계적 검증력이 증가한다는 점이다. 통계적 검증력이 증가하면, P300 CIT의 정확판단율은 증가할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 P300 CIT에서 시행수가 증가함에 따라서 P300 진폭이 감소하는지, 또는 시행수가 증가함에 따라서 P300 CIT의 정확판단율이 증가하는지 검증하였다. 24명의 실험참가자들이 모의범죄를 수행한 후에, P300 CIT를 사용한 거짓말 탐지 검사를 받았다. 실험참가자의 반은 사진 자극을 제시받았으며, 나머지 반은 문자자극을 제시받았다. 목표자극 1개와 관련자극 1개, 무관련자극 4개를 각각 30번씩 제시하는 것을 한 블록으로 하여, 총 네 블록에 걸쳐서 검사를 받았다. 실험결과, 예상과는 달리 목표자극에 대한 P300 진폭은 첫 번째 블록에서 가장 작은 값을 보였고, 네 번째 블록에서 가장 큰 값을 보였다. 관련자극에 대한 P300 진폭과 무관련자극에 대한 P300 진폭은 검사 후반부로 갈수록 약간 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 부트스트랩 크기차이분석 결과에서, 분석에 사용된 블록 수가 증가하여도 정확판단율에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 부트스트랩 상관차이분석 결과에서, 첫 번째 블록만 사용한 경우의 정확판단율이 여러 개의 블록을 누적시켜 사용한 경우의 정확판단율보다 낮은 경향이 있었다. 사진자극과 문자자극 간에는 정확판단율에 큰 차이가 없었다. 시행수가 증가함에 따라서 목표자극의 P300 진폭이 증가한 이유와 부트스트랩 상관차이분석 결과가 시행 수에 영향을 받았던 이유를 논의하였다.

keywords
P300, 숨긴정보검사, 습관화, 시행수, P300, concealed information test, habituation, the number of trials

Abstract

The number of trials can influence P300-based concealed information test (P300-based CIT) in two ways. First, as the number of trial increases, the P300 amplitude is likely to reduce due to habituation. If P300 amplitude decreases, accuracy rate of P300 CIT would be declined. Second, as the number of trial increases, the power of test increases and then the accuracy rate would also be increased. This study is to verify whether the accuracy rate of P300 CIT declines or improves as the number of trials increases. After twenty-four participants performed a mock crime, lie detection test was administered to them by using the P300 CIT. Half of the participants was exposed to photo stimuli, and the other half was presented with letter stimuli. A target stimulus, a probe stimulus, and four irrelevant stimuli were presented 30 times in one block, and four blocks were presented to each participant. Contrary to our expectation, P300 amplitude to the target stimulus was smallest in the first block and was largest in the fourth block. P300 amplitude to the relevant stimulus and to the irrelevant stimuli tended to decrease slightly at the second half of the experiment. In bootstrapped amplitude difference tests, there was no significant difference in the accuracy rate as the number of blocks increase. In bootstrapped correlation difference tests, the accuracy rate tended to be lower when only the first block was used, compared to that when several blocks were included. There was no significant difference between the photo stimuli and the letter stimuli in both bootstrapped tests. Reasons why P300 amplitude by a target stimulus was increased and the bootstrapped correlation difference tests were impacted by the number of trials were discussed.

keywords
P300, 숨긴정보검사, 습관화, 시행수, P300, concealed information test, habituation, the number of trials

참고문헌

1.

김영윤 (2009). P300-기반 거짓말 탐지 연구. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 23, 111-129.

2.

서상규 (1998). 현대한국어의 어휘빈도 (상‧하). 연세대학교 언어정보개발연구원 내부보고서(CLID-WP-98-02-28).

3.

엄진섭 (2010). 사건관련전위를 이용한 숨긴정보검사에서 P300의 진폭에 영향을 미치는 요인. 충북대학교 대학원 박사학위청구논문.

4.

Abootalebi, V., Moradi, M. H., & Khalilzadeh, M. A. (2006). A comparison of methods for ERP assessment in a P300-based GKT. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 62, 309-320.

5.

Allen, J. J., Iacono, W. G., & Danielson, K. D. (1992). The identification of concealed memories using the event-related potential and implicit behavioral measures: A methodology for prediction in the face of individual differences. Psychophysiology, 29, 504-522.

6.

Ben-Shakhar, G. & Furedy, J. (1990). Theories and applications in the detection of deception. New York: Springer-Verlag.

7.

Bourbon, W. T., Will, K. W., Gary, H. E., & Papanicolaou, A. C. (1987). Habituation of auditory event-related potentials: a comparison of self-initiated and automated stimulus trains. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 66, 160-166.

8.

Cohen, J. & Polich, J. (1997). On the number of trials needed for P300. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 25, 249-255.

9.

Cutmore, T. R. H., Djakovic, T., Kebbell, M. R., & Shum, D. H. K. (2009). An object cue is more effective than a word in ERP-based detection of deception. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 71, 185-192.

10.

Donchin, E. & Coles, M. G. H. (1988). Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 357-374.

11.

Donchin, E. (1981). Surprise!...Surprise? Psychophysiology, 18, 493-513.

12.

Farwell, L. A. & Donchin, E. (1991). The truth will out: Interrogative polygraphy (“lie detection”) with event-related Potentials. Psychophysiology, 28, 531-547.

13.

Gamer, M. & Berti, S. (2010). Task relevance and recognition of concealed information have different influences on electrodermal activity and event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology, 47, 355-364.

14.

Hauk, O. & Pulvermuller, F. (2004). Effects of word length and frequency on the human event-related potential. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115, 1090-1103.

15.

Johnson, R. (1986). A triarchic model of P300 amplitude. Psychophysiology, 23, 367-384.

16.

Kok, A. (1997). Event-related-potential (ERP) reflections of mental resources: a review and synthesis. Biological Psychology, 45, 19-56.

17.

Kubo, K. & Nittono, H. (2009). The role of intention to conceal in the P300-based concealed information test. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 34, 227-235.

18.

Lin, E. & Polich, J. (1999). P300 habituation patterns: Individual differences from ultradian rhythms. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 1111- 1125.

19.

Lindin, M., Zurron, M., & Diaz, F. (2004). Changes in P300 amplitude during an active standard auditory oddball task. Biological Psychology, 66, 153-167.

20.

Meijer, E. H., Smulders, F. T. Y., Merckelbach, H. L. G. J., & Wolf, A. G. (2007). The P300 is sensitive to concealed face recognition. International Journal of Psychology, 66, 231-237.

21.

Mertens, R. & Allen, J. J. (2008). The role of psychophysiology in forensic assessments: Deception detection, ERPs, and virtual reality mock crime scenarios. Psychophysiology, 45, 286- 298.

22.

Ochoa, C. J. & Polich, J. (2000). P300 and blink instructions. Clinical Neurophysiology, 111, 93-98.

23.

Pan, J., Yakeshita, T., & Morimoto, K. (2000). P300 hanituation from auditory single-stimulus and oddbass pradigms. Igkrp nternational Journal of Psychophysiology, 37, 149-153.

24.

Patrick, B. (1995). Probability and measure, John Wiley & Sons.

25.

Pham, T. T. H., Croft, R. J., Cadusch, P. J., & Barry, R. J. (2011). A test of four EOG correction methods using an improved validation technique. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 79, 203-210.

26.

Polich, J. (1989). Habituation of P300 from auditory stimuli. Psychobiology, 17, 19-28.

27.

Polich, J. (2007). Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118, 2128-2148.

28.

Ravden, D. & Polich, J. (1998). Habituation of P300 from visual stimuli. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 30, 359-365.

29.

Riggins, B. R. & Polich, J. (2002). Habituation of P3a and P3b from visual stimuli. The Korean Journal of Thinking & Problem Solving, 12, 71-81.

30.

Romero, R. & Polich, J. (1996). P3(00) habituation from auditory and visual stimuli. Physiology & Behavior, 59, 517-522.

31.

Rosenfeld, J. P., Biroschak, J. R., & Furedy, J. J. (2006). P300-based detection of concealed autobiographical versus incidentally acquired information in target and non-target paradigms. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 60, 251- 259.

32.

Rosenfeld, J. P., Shue, E., & Singer, E. (2007). Single versus multiple probe blocks of P300-based concealed information tests for autobiographical versus incidentally learned information. Biological Psychology, 74, 396-404.

33.

Rosenfeld, J. P., Soskins, M., Bosh, G., & Ryan, A. (2004). Simple effective countermeasures to P300-based tests of detection of concealed information. Psychophysiology, 41, 205-219.

34.

Semlitsch, H. V., Anderer, P., Schuster, P., & Presslich, O. (1986). A solution for reliable and valid reduction of ocular artifacts, applied to the P300 ERP. Psychophysiology, 23, 695-703.

35.

Seymour, T. L., Fraynt, B. R., (2009). Time and encoding effects in the concealed knowledge test. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 34, 177-187.

36.

Seymour, T. L., Kerlin, J. R. (2008). Successful detection of verbal and visual concealed knowledge using an RT-based paradigm. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 475-490.

37.

Seymour, T. L., Seifert, C. M., Shafto, M. G., & Mosmann, A. L. (2000). Using response time measures to assess “Guilty Knowledge”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 30-37.

38.

Sokolov, E. N. (1963). Perception and the Conditioned Reflex. Pergamon Press.

39.

Soskins, M., Rosenfeld, J. P., & Niendam, T. (2001). The case for peak-to-peak measurement of P300 recorded at .3 hz high pass filter settings in detection of deception. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 40, 173-180.

40.

Small, J. G. (1971). Sensory evoked responses of autistic children. Infantile Autism, 224-129.

41.

Verleger, R. (1991). The instruction to refrain from blinking affects auditory P3 and N1 amplitudes. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 78, 240-251.

42.

Verschuere, B., Crombez, G., Degrootte, T., & Rosseel, Y. (2010). Detecting concealed information with reaction time: Validity and comparison with the polygraph. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24, 991-1002.

43.

Verschuere, B., Rosenfeld, J. P., Winograd, M., Labkovsky, E., & Wiersema, R. (2009). The role of deception in P300 memory detection. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 14, 253-262.

44.

Visu-Petra, G., Miclea, M., & Visu-Petra, L. (2012). Reaction time-based detection of concealed information in relation to individual differences in executive functioning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26, 342-351.

45.

Wasserman, S. & Bockenholt, U. (1989). Bootstrapping: Applications to psychophysiology. Psychophysiology, 26, 208-221.

46.

Wesensten, M. J., Badia, P., & Harsh, J. (1990). Time of day, repeated testing, and interblock interval effects on P300 amplitude. Physiology & Behavior, 47, 653-658.

47.

Winograd. M. R. & Rosenfeld, J. P. (2011). Mock crime application of the Complex Trial Protocol (CTP) P300-based concealed information test. Psychophysiology, 48, 155-161.

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격

논문 투고 OA 정책