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내향적인 사람은 어떻게 하면 더 행복해질까? 관계 중심적 행복관의 중요성
How can introverts become happier? The importance of holding a relation-centered theory of happiness
김정기 (포항공과대학교)
서은국 (연세대학교)
임낭연 (경일대학교)
초록
개인이 행복에 대해 가지는 믿음은 다양하다. 선행 연구에 의하면 행복을 관계 중심적 관점에서 조망하는 사람일수록 그렇지 않은 사람에 비해 더 행복한 경향이 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 관계적 행복관의 긍정적 영향력이 개인의 성격, 그중에서도 특히 외향성 수준에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보고자 하였다. 총 2개의 연구를 통해 참가자들로 하여금 “행복” 하면 떠오르는 세 단어를 쓰게 한 뒤 사회적 관계와 관련된 단어(예, 친구, 사랑)가 몇 개인지 분석하였다(최소 0개-최대 3개). 본 연구에서 사회적 단어의 총 개수는 관계 중심적 행복관의 강도로 해석되었다. 연구 결과, 관계적 행복관의 긍정적 효과는 상대적으로 외향성 수준이 낮은, 즉 내향적인 사람에게서만 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 외향성 수준이 높은 사람의 행복은 사회적 단어의 수와 관계가 없었지만, 내향적인 사람의 경우에는 사회적 단어를 많이 보고했을수록 자신의 삶에 대체로 더 만족하며(연구 1), 하루 동안의 일화를 더 긍정적으로 회상하는 경향이 있었다(연구 2). 외향성은 행복감을 결정짓는 중요한 요인이지만, 본 연구는 낮은 외향성으로 인한 행복 저하를 개인의 행복관이 부분적으로 보완할 수 있음을 시사한다.
- keywords
- 행복관, 사회적 관계, 삶의 만족도, 외향성, 단어 연상, Lay beliefs about happiness, social relationship, life satisfaction, extraversion, word association
Abstract
Individuals differ in their beliefs about happiness. Research has shown that those who endorse a more socially-oriented view of happiness tend to report greater well-being. In this study, we examined whether this pattern is moderated by one's level of extraversion. Across two studies, we led participants to write down three words that come to their mind when thinking of “happiness,” and counted the number of socially related words, such as friend and love (range, 0-3). Higher frequency of social words are considered to reflect a tendency of viewing happiness in a social manner. Results showed that the benefits of holding a relation-centered theory of happiness were found only among introverts. Specifically, among individuals high in trait extraversion, there was no relationship between the number of social words and life satisfaction. When it comes to introverts, however, those who mentioned more social words were likely to experience greater life satisfaction (Study 1) and recall more positive events of the day (Study 2). Although extraversion is a significant determinant of happiness, our results imply that low extraversion can partially be compensated by building a personal theory of happiness centered on relationships.
- keywords
- 행복관, 사회적 관계, 삶의 만족도, 외향성, 단어 연상, Lay beliefs about happiness, social relationship, life satisfaction, extraversion, word association
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