Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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- P-ISSN1229-0653
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.34 No.4
Abstract
Similarity attracts. One important reason for this is that perceived similarity functions to verify one’s pre-existing views of self and the world. For whom, then, does similarity matter more? This study examined whether the similarity premium varies according to one’s resource level. I predicted that relational benefits of perceived similarity would be more pronounced among members of the lower social class, which is associated with threat vigilance, low sense of control, and high communal orientation. This prediction was supported in three studies that employed different measurements of relationship satisfaction (romantic relationship satisfaction, Studies 1 and 3; friendship satisfaction, Study 2), and when social class was experimentally manipulated (Study 3). In short, individuals in lower economic class seem to benefit more from perceiving the partner as more similar to oneself. This research contributes to the similarity-attraction literature by shedding light on a new individual difference factor.
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the relation between implicit theories and affiliation preference vis social comparison motivations. We recruited 115 participants who attended a private university in the United States of America. We randomly assigned participants to the entity or incremental group by telling them different research results on the changeability of writing skills. Participants then indicated a preferred writing partner’s writing skills (SAT Essay score), and why they chose that partner. We found that participants in the incremental, relative to entity group, showed higher self-improvement motivation, which in turn was related to preference for partners with higher writing skills. Those assigned to the entity group showed a higher level of self-enhancement motivation, but this motivation was unrelated to affiliation preference. These results remained the same when participants’ own writing skills were controlled for. Based on these findings, the importance of research on implicit theories, and the relation between implicit theories and affiliation preference were discussed.
Abstract
Lay theory is implicit assumptions about the social world that individuals hold, which influences personal experiences and behaviors. Previous research on the relationship between lay theories and happiness suggested various lay theories are associated with individual differences in experiencing happiness. In the present study, we investigated how the belief in the temporal and spatial distribution of happiness is related to individuals’ happiness. In Study 1, belief in happiness distribution was measured by self-reported survey and then correlated with participants’ self-reported feeling of happiness, In Study 2 and Study 3, participants performed behavioral tasks in which they predicted others’ levels of happiness on spatial and temporal dimensions. Participants’ beliefs on the happiness distribution were estimated based on their responses in the tasks and were correlated with subjective well-being measures. Results of Study 1-3 revealed that participants who believed happiness is not equally distributed across space and time tended to feel lower level of happiness and have lower life satisfaction. In Study 4, we found that belief in the economic distribution is not related to life satisfaction or other subjective well-being measures. Our findings suggest that belief in unequal distribution of happiness is negatively linked to individuals’ level of happiness and this relationship may not be domain-general but be specific to the domain of happiness.