Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.35 No.4
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between attachment and marital infidelity and to test the indirect effect of relatedness need fulfillment between the two. In Study 1, 170 married men and women responded to measures of attachment, attentiveness to alternatives, and relatedness need fulfillment. The results showed that attachment anxiety was positively related to attentiveness to alternatives via low relatedness need fulfillment. On the other hand, attachment avoidance was negatively related to attentiveness to alternatives but the indirect effect appeared in an opposite direction. That is, the suppression effect of relatedness need fulfillment was present between attachment avoidance and attentiveness to alternatives. In Study 2, 78 married couples completed measures of attachment, attentiveness to alternatives, infidelity, and relatedness need fulfillment. Results indicated that attachment anxiety was positively related to both attentiveness to alternatives and actual engagement in infidelity due to low relatedness need fulfillment. Meanwhile, attachment avoidance was negatively related to attentiveness to alternatives, but unrelated to infidelity. However, indirect effect of relatedness need fulfillment appeared to be significant between attachment avoidance and attentiveness to alternatives and infidelity. Taken together, married individuals with high attachment anxiety were less fulfilled with their relatedness need, which in turn promoted more attention to alternatives and actual engagement in infidelity. On the other hand, avoidant individuals were less likely to pay attention to alternatives and engage in infidelity in general, but when their relatedness need was unfulfilled, they tended to engage more in infidelity.
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship among Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), and attitudes toward unification of Korea (unification attitudes) in predicting individuals’ support for the government’s unification policy (policy support). SDO and RWA represent generalized social beliefs that reflect support for the hierarchical social structure and resistance to social change, respectively. From the standpoint that unification of the two Koreas will necessarily involve a threat to the existing intergroup status hierarchy and changes in the current Korean society, we expected that the two social beliefs would be negatively related to unification attitudes and policy support. To specify the nature of the relationship between social beliefs and unification attitudes in predicting individuals’ policy support, we explored path models involving a moderation and a mediation between the predictor variables. Results from a survey involving a stratified sample of Korean adults (N = 1,500) revealed that SDO, RWA, and unification attitudes independently predict policy support, with unification attitudes as the strongest predictor. Also, the relationship between unification attitudes and policy support was not moderated by either SDO or RWA. Further, unification attitudes mediated the relationship between SDO and policy support, suggesting that in the context of the two Koreas, individuals’ generalized beliefs about society predict indirectly their political behavior via specific attitudes toward unification. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings and future directions for research.
Abstract
Helping enhances happiness of both the beneficiary and the giver. Previous happiness studies have shown that help-giving is associated with eudaimonic happiness such as meaning of life and sense of accomplishment, whereas decision-making studies focusing on the utility of helping have suggested the importance of hedonic happiness such as feeling more positive affect and less negative affect. The present study investigated the givers’ happiness experience after helping others using a charitable donation task. We first examined which aspect of happiness (i.e., hedonic vs. eudaimonic) is more strongly associated with the givers’ experience. Then, we tested the effect of givers’ prosociality on the patterns of happiness experience. For each trial, participants were presented information about one of 54 charitable organizations and asked to decide the amount of donation out of 10,000KRW. After each decision, they evaluated their happiness experiences on the two aspects of happiness. Individual differences in prosociality were measured using social value orientation questionnaire. The results showed that, within an individual, donation amount was positively correlated with both aspects of happiness, while eudaimonic happiness had stronger association. This difference was especially prominent among prosocial participants, while the effects of donation on hedonic and eudaimonic happiness were not different among proself participants. By distinguishing hedonic and eudemonic aspects of happiness and considering individual differences in prosociality, our findings add to the literature on the happiness enhancement effects of help-giving.
Abstract
COVID-19 continues to be a threat to humanity since its first reported case in Wuhan, China in November 2019. Among various countermeasures to combat COVID-19, face masks are known to be the most effective method. However, there was much confusion in the earlier stages of the pandemic, and especially in the West, protests against wearing masks were frequent unlike in the East. Based on this phenomenon, the current research investigated the cultural difference related to wearing face masks in the pandemic. Specifically, we hypothesized that in collective cultures that value ingroup harmony and good relationships with others, people would wear face masks more frequently and would be influenced by social factors more compared to individualistic cultures. We also hypothesized that in individualistic cultures that value independence and choice, people would wear masks less and would consider personal factors more importantly compared to collectivistic cultures. The results showed that the frequency and intention to wear masks were higher in Koreans compared to Americans. Also, Koreans considered social factors more importantly compard to Americans, and Americans weighed personal factors greater compared to Koreans. Furthermore, the frequency of actually wearing a mask and the intention to wear a non-functioning mask were mediated by the degree of the social factor’s importance. The results of this study suggest that promoting collectivism can help deter COVID-19 and that culturally appropriate measures are necessary for collective crises like COVID-19.