초록

수용 전념 치료 (ACT) 의 철학적 핵심은 모든 인간은 고통을 받는다는 것이다. ACT는 이론적으로 행동주의 원리와 행동주의 언어 이론인 관계 틀 이론에 근거하고 있다. ACT 모형은 언어 과정이 심리적 경직성의 핵심에 놓여 있으며, 그러므로 인간 고통의 근원이라고 가정한다. ACT는언어가 밝은 면과 어두운 면을 동시에 갖고 있는 양날의 검으로 본다. ACT의 목표는 피할 수 없는 고통을 수용함으로써 풍요롭고 의미있는 삶을 창조하는 것이다. 그래서 ACT의 목적은 현재순간에 접촉하며 깨어있으며 또한 가치를 두는 방향으로 나아가는 능력을 향상시키기 위해 그러한 언어 과정을 약화시키는 것이다. ACT의 여섯 가지 핵심 치료 과정은 수용, 탈융합, 현재 순간의 자각, 맥락으로서의 자기, 가치 그리고 전념 행동이다. 심리치료에서 은유의 활용은 임상 문헌에서 주목을 받아왔다. 은유와 체험 연습은 ACT에서 중요한 역할을 하는데, 가치를 두는 행동의결과에 대한 맥락을 창조함으로써 언어의 역효과를 약화시켜준다. RFT, 기능적 맥락주의 및 여섯가지 핵심치료 과정을 바탕으로, 치료자와 내담자들은 은유를 더 잘 이해하고, 활용하고, 창조할수 있다. 하이쿠는 은유와 함께 새로운 치료 방안이 될 수도 있을 것이다.

Abstract

The philosophical core of Acceptance‐Commitment Therapy (ACT) is that all humans experience suffering. ACT is theoretically based on basic behavioral principles and the Relational Frame Theory (RFT) that is a behavioral theory of language. The ACT model postulates that language processes are at the core of psychological and behavioral inflexibility, and therefore at the root of human suffering. ACT regards language as a double‐edged sword which has a dark side and a light side. The aim of ACT is to create a rich and meaningful life while accepting the pain that inevitably goes with it. So the goal of ACT is to undermine language processes in ways that improve people's ability to contact the present moment more fully and with awareness, and that allow them to move valued directions. Six core therapeutic processes of ACT are acceptance, defusion, present‐moment awareness, self ‐as‐context, values, and commitment action. The use of metaphors in psychotherapy has received considerable attention in the clinical literature. Metaphors and experiential exercises also play a central role in ACT, helping undermine the adverse effects of language by creating contexts with the consequence of valued action. With RFT, functional contextualism, and the six core therapeutic processes in ACT, therapists and clients can understand, use, and create metaphors. Haiku may be a new therepeautic device combined with metaphors.

초록

Abstract

Previous research studies have indicated that biofeedback treatment and relaxation techniques are effective in reducing psychological and physical symptoms (Hammond, 2005; Manzoni, G. M., Pagnini, F., Castelnuovo, G., & Molinari, E., 2008). However, dearth of studies has compared heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback treatment and relaxation training to reduce trait anxiety. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of HRV biofeedback treatment and relaxation training in reducing trait anxiety compared to control group without any treatment using students in a science and engineering university of South Korea. For the present study, a total of 15 graduate students with moderate level of trait anxiety were recruited for 4 individual sessions every two weeks. They were randomly assigned into three groups: biofeedback treatment (n = 5), relaxation training (n = 5), and no treatment control group (n = 5). Our results revealed significant difference in change score of trait anxiety between the HRV biofeedback treatment and the no treatment control group. However, no significant difference was found between the relaxation training group and the no treatment control group. In addition, there was no significant difference between the HRV biofeedback treatment and the relaxation training. Results of the present study indicate that there is potential benefit in utilizing HRV biofeedback treatment for stress management programs and/or anxiety reduction treatment.

초록

수용 전념 치료 프로그램이 폭식장애 경향이 있는 대학생의 폭식행동, 경험회피 및 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. J지역 내 대학생을 250명 남녀 학생들에게 폭식척도(BES), 수용행동질문지(AAQ-16), 심리적 안녕감 척도(PWBS)를 실시하였다. 이를 토대로 폭식장애 경향이있는 대학생 14명을 참가자로 선정하여 치료 집단에 7명, 통제집단에 7명씩 무선 할당하였다. 수용 전념 치료 프로그램은 주 2회씩 총 8회기에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 프로그램 종료 후 사후 조사가실시되었고 8주 후 추적 조사가 이루어졌다. 그 결과, 수용 전념 치료 프로그램에 참여한 집단이통제집단보다 폭식행동과 경험회피가 유의하게 더 감소되었고, 심리적 안녕감은 유의하게 더 증가되었다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 추후 연구에 대한 제언이 논의되었다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Acceptance–Commitment Therapy(ACT) on binge eating behavior, experiential avoidance, and psychological well–being of college students prone to binge eating disorders. Two hundred and fifty college students in Chonbuk province completed a Binge Eating Scale(BES), a Acceptance & Action Questionnaire-16 (AAQ-16), and a Psychological Well-Being Scale(PWBS). Fourteen patients selected by those scales were randomly assigned, seven of them to the ACT group and seven to the control group. The ACT program was administered for eight sessions. All participants completed BES, AAQ-16, and PWBS at pre-test, post-test, and at eight week follow-up periods. The results of this study were as follows: Binge eating behavior and experiential avoidance of the therapy group decreased more than for the control group. Psychological well-being of the therapy group increased more than for the control group. Finally, the implications and the limitations of this study, and the suggestions for future study were also discussed.

초록

본 연구는 놀이프로그램을 통한 6개월간의 채소에 대한 직접적 노출의 영향을 알아보고자 첫째, 직접 노출프로그램 전후의 아동의 채소 섭취량의 변화를 확인하였고 둘째, 노출프로그램이 실제아동의 식사행동에 미치는 영향을 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 총 4개의 어린이집에 재원중인 만 1세에서 4세의 아동 47명을 대상으로 실제 채소에 대한 노출을 6개월 간 진행한 후, 채소 섭취량의변화를 통제집단과 비교하였다. 그 결과, 통제집단에 비해 노출집단에서 노출된 채소에 대한 섭취량이 유의미하게 증가하였다. 또한 채소에 대한 노출이 실제 식사행동에도 영향을 주었는지 확인하기 위해 부모의 24시간 회상법을 통해 아동이 실제 섭취한 음식과 종류를 파악하고 영양소별로분석하였다. 분석 결과, 노출집단에서 채소 섭취와 관련이 있다고 보고되는 비타민 C와 엽산에서유의한 증가가 나타났고 철의 영양소 섭취 적정비도 유의하게 증가하여 채소 섭취와 관련된 영양소 섭취정도가 개선되었음이 확인되었다. 이와 같은 결과와 더불어 한계점 및 추후 제언을 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study investigates the effects of direct exposure to vegetables on young children’s consumption of vegetables, with actual nutritional recording. A total of 47 young children with ages ranging from 1 to 4 years old participated in this research. Among these, 24 children were assigned to a 6-month direct vegetable exposure program. Children were assessed on their vegetable consumption before and after the exposure program. The results indicate that the exposure increased the consumption of vegetables compared with the control group. It is noteworthy that those who were exposed to vegetables consumed more nutrients, and more specifically, more ascorbic acid(vitamin C) and folic acid, which are both related to vegetable consumption. These findings suggest that a direct exposure program may not only be effective in correcting children's inappropriate eating habits but may also have positive effects on overall nutrient intake. The limitations of this study as well as the directions for future research are discussed.

초록

신체점검은 완벽하지 못하거나 결점이 있는 신체에 대한 주의로서, 섭식장애 발병에 핵심적 역할을한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 비임상집단을 대상으로 불안과 섭식문제 간의 관계에서 신체점검사고와 신체점검행동의 매개된 조절효과를 확인해보고자 하였다. 400명(남자 215명; 여자 183명; 무응답 2명)의 대학생에게 불안검사(STAI), 신체점검인지척도(BCCS), 신체점검행동척도(BCQ), 식사태도검사-26(EAT-26)을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 여자는 남자보다 섭식장애 위험군에 속하는사람의 수가 많았으며, 고위험군이 저위험군보다 더 불안이 높았고, 신체점검 사고와 행동도 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 섭식문제에 대한 심리적 변인들의 설명력을 알아본 결과, 남자의경우 불안과 신체점검행동만 섭식문제를 유의하게 설명해준 반면, 여자의 경우 불안, 신체점검 사고 및 행동 모두 섭식문제에 대한 설명력이 높았다. 셋째, 여자에 대해서만 신체점검 사고와 행동의 매개된 조절효과를 알아본 결과, 신체점검행동에 대해 불안과 신체점검사고의 상호작용이 유의했고, 신체점검행동은 섭식문제에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치고 있었다. 또한 신체점검사고 값에 따른 신체점검행동의 조건부 간접효과를 알아본 결과도 신체점검사고가 낮을수록 이러한 매개효과는증가하는 반면, 신체점검사고가 높을 경우 매개효과가 없음을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 불안과 섭식문제의 관계에서 신체점검행동의 매개효과는 신체점검사고에 의해 조절된다는 것이 여자 대학생들에게서만 확인되었다. 본 결과와 연구의 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

Body checking includes any cognition and behavior aimed at gaining information about one’s weight, shape, or size. Body checking can increase body dissatisfaction through selective attention to disliked body parts and is one of the strongest correlates of eating disturbance. This study was performed to identify the mediated-moderating effects of body checking cognition and behavior between anxiety and eating disorder related symptoms in a non-clinical group. 398 college students (215 males, 183 females) completed measures of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Body Checking Cognition Scale (BCCS, Mountford et al., 2006), the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ, Reas et al., 2002), and the EAT-26 (Garner et al., 1982). The results were as follows: first, the risk group for eating disorders had higher STAI, BCCS, and BCQ scores than the non-risk group. Second, a standard multiple regression analysis suggested that anxiety and body checking behavior predict eating disorder severity in males, but all three psychological variables predict eating disorder symptoms in females. Third, the results of standard multiple regression analysis indicated that anxiety was directly and indirectly (mediated by body checking behavior) related to eating disorder symptoms in females. Additionally, the interactions between anxiety and body checking cognition significantly increased the variations in eating disorder symptoms (moderating effect) in females. Lastly, the mediated-moderating effect of body checking cognition and behavior in eating disorder symptoms, which was analysed using SPSS Macro as suggested by Preacher et al. (2007), was confirmed in this study. This mediated-moderation indicates the effect of anxiety on eating disorder symptoms via a mediator (body checking behavior) and differs depending on the levels of the moderator (body checking cognition) in females. The limitations and implications of the study were discussed.

초록

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of self-concept clarity, physical comparison, and body dissatisfaction on disordered eating behaviors. The participants were 386 females aged 10 to 29 years, recruited by online survey. They received questionnaires to measure their self-concept clarity(SCCS), physical comparison(PACS+SACS), body shape(BSQ), and disordered eating behaviors(KEAT-26) scale. Based on previous studies, the researcher constructed one research model and four alternative models to navigate the most suitable explanation for the data, and verified the influence of variables and the significance of the mediating effect. In order to compare the one research model and four alternative models, structural equation modeling(SEM) was used. The SEM revealed that the full dual mediation model fit the data well. The findings suggest that low self-concept clarity might contribute to disordered eating behaviors because it increases women’s vulnerability to physical comparison tendencies and body dissatisfaction. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future study were addressed.

초록

본 연구에서는 DSM-IV(APA, 1994)에 기초한 도박 중독 진단 임상면접 도구(SCI-GA)를 한국실정에 맞게 번안하고 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 정기적으로 도박을 하고 있는 내국인 카지노 이용객 65명과 도박으로 인해 심각한 문제를 보고한 대학생 4명을 대상으로 전문가 2인이 독립적으로 한국판 도박 중독 임상면접 도구(K-SCI-GA)를 실시하여 평정자간 일치도를 살펴보고, K-NODS 및 K-CPGI로 자기-보고한 측정치와 면접 측정치 간의 상관 분석을 통해 공존 및 수렴타당도를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, K-SCI-GA는 도박 문제를 보이는 사람들의 도박중독 여부를 평가하는데 양호한 신뢰도(Kappa=.89)와 타당도(r=.74～.84)를 갖춘 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로K-SCI-GA를 통해 자기보고식 평가의 한계점을 어떻게 보완할 수 있는지 살펴보고, DSM-5 (APA, 2013) 기준을 적용할 경우 어떻게 변형시켜 활용해야 하는지 설명하였다.

Abstract

This study adapted structured clinical interview for pathological gambling (SCI-GA) for diagnosis of gambling addiction based on DSM-IV(APA, 1994) to the situation in Korea and verified its reliability and validity. To examine the inter-rater reliability, two clinicians interviewed independently with 65 local casino regular visitors and 4 college students who reported serious gambling problems through Korean Structured Clinical Interview for Gambling Addiction(K-SCI-GA) and to examine the convergent and concurrent validity, analyzed correlation of the self-reported scores and the interviewed scores those were diagnosed with K-NODS and K-CPGI. Findings in the present study showed that K-SCI-GA had good reliability(Kappa=.89) and validity(r=.74~.84) diagnose gambling addiction people who have gambling problems. Lastly, investigated how the limit of self-reporting evaluation can be supplemented through K-SCI-GA and explained utilizations of how to transform when applying DSM-5(APA, 2013)