Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology

Abstract

Abstract

The literature on dependency motivation was reviewed from the viewpoint of life-span development. The definition, nature, content and some controversial arguments on dependency were discussed. The traditional notion of dependency decrement and independency increment with maturation and development from infancy to adulthood was questioned. Especially, the reappearance and/or increment of instrumental and emotional dependency in aging is clearly suggested. Therefore, the U-shape curvilineal relationship between age and the degree of dependency is proposed. However, the continuity of dependency through the life span as a personality trait or a habit is also discussed. It is also proposed that systematic and comprehensive studies on the change process of dependency with the elderly, not with infants or young children, are needed.

Abstract

It was assumed that the concept of unit relation has more broad and meaningful status than the concept of evaluation or liking in the area of social perception and attitude. Three studies were performed under this assumption. The first study concerned with the measurement of unit relation. Six preliminary scales were selected to measure the strength of unit relation under the theoretical basis. Total 131 unit relations were rated. The validity of the six scales were tested by the item-total score correlation. The range of correlation was 67-81. In the second study, the influence of the unit relation traits upon the impression formation was studied. The unit relation traits had significant influence upon the impression formation. In the third study, it was hypothesized that the determinant prejudice will be perception of unit relation. According to this hypothesis, the distance of three areas (race, vocation and religion) were manipulated. It was found that a greater distance of unit relation has greater influences upon the prejudice.

Abstract

The author (Cho, 1979) found that the favorableness(good-bad) impressions were evaluated extremely as the set-size of the stimulus person increased, but the likableness (like-dislike) impressions were not evaluated extremely as the set-size increased. These results indicate that, in case of the favorableness impression, traits of the stimulus person are integrated according to the adding model. On the other hand, those in the likableness impression are integrated according to the averaging model. In his later experiment (Cho, 1982a), intellectual traits were more salient for judgments of favorableness, and affective traits were more salient for judgments of likableness. This study was designed to test the set-size effect and information salience effect, discovered in the previous studies, combining in one experimental setting. 2 (favorableness vs. likableness judgements)×2(positive vs. negative words)×2(intellectual vs. affective traits)×2(set-size 3vs. 5) factorial design was used in this experiment. The subjects of this study were 50 college students. They were divided into two groups; One was favorableness judgement group, and the other was likableness judgement group. Thus, the later 3 variables stated above were repeated for each of the subjects. The main results from this study could be summarized as follows: First, intellectual traits had more information salience for the judgements of faborableness, and affective traits were more salient for the judgements of likableness. This is a consistent result with the author's previous finding (Cho, 1982a). Second, the set-size effects in the faborableness judgement were different from those in the likableness judgements. That is, in judging the faborableness impression, set-size effects were found regardless of the evaluative dimension of the stimulus traits. On the other hand, in judging the likableness impression, set-size effects were found in affective traits word-set, but set-size did not take any effect in intellectual traits word-set. This result can be interpreted that two types of the trsits of the stimulus person give different effect and information is intergrated differently in forming impressions of favorableness and in those of likableness.

Abstract

The effect of rearing in isolation on later gregariousness was studied in A/J strain of albino mice. Twenty-four male mice were separated from their own litters on the 23rd day of life and reared in isolation (N=12) or in groups of 4(N=12) for 90 days. Gregariousness was tested in pairs for 6 hours in the automated preference chamber for mice (Lafayette model No. 89004). The results obtained are as follows: Firstly, the isolation-reared animals showed significantly more gregariousness than those of group-reared animals for 6 hours' testing period. Secondly, in the first one hour duration in this chamber, housing had no effect on gregariousness. Over the first one hour of experiment, isolated mice continued to be more gregariousness than grouped mice. Lastly, the subjects preferred to affiliate with those of same housing experience rather than with those of different.