Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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Vol.19 No.3
Abstract
This research is to study whether innocent participants make false confession on their uncommitted behavior due to the repeated question, which is one of the suggestive questioning methods.For this purpose, the participants went through the false cognition experiment by the computer simulation, and they were manipulated to experience computer errors while they were under the test. After the computer errors occurred, the participants were repeatedly asked four times regarding the possibility of making computer errors of their own. Three-time repetition process was conducted and the response of each participant was tape recorded and analyzed carefully. The experiment showed that the participants' tendency toward admitting their faults on the computer errors was increased as they received more repeated questions. The effect of the repeated question was significantly increased at the third repeated questionThe frequency of participants admitting their faults at the third repeated question was over six times higher than that of at the first repeated question. This proved that the repeated question has an influence over the suggestibility of false confession. This results suggest that future study should compare and analyze the effectiveness for various suggestive questioning types including the repeated question and individual trait.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of comparison goal, failure experience of comparison target and attainability of success upon self-rating in failure situation. It was assumed that these effects are due to fulfillment level of comparison motive and expectation of success thereafter. The results of the experiment showed that the hypothesized three-way interaction was confirmed. To put the three-way interaction effect concretely, in the self-promotion goal condition there was significantly higher self- evaluation when upward comparison target had experienced failure or when attainability was high than when upward comparison target had experienced failure and attainability was also low. In the self- enhancement goal condition, the results of self-evaluation were varied according to the level of attainability, whereas there was no significant differences in self-evaluation according to failure experience of the comparison target. The results of this study were discussed in terms of the self-regulation theory of social comparison process(Hahn, 1999, 2002; Hahn, Jang, 2003a; Jang, Hahn, 2004a) and the previous empirical studies. Finally, the limitations of this study and implications for future studies were added.
Abstract
This study reviewed some disputes on the recidivism issue of sex offence and screening and therapeutic possibilities for sex offenders. Recently, registration system was adapted for sex offenders committing offences against minors and even broader electronic monitoring for sex offender population is under discussion. However, the recidivism rate for sex offenders has been somewhat incorrectly known and any empirically proven screening procedure to assess risk of sex offenders is not set yet. This study explored recidivism evidences accepted academically and introduced risk assessment tools for sex crimes used in foreign countries. Also, community treatment approaches were reviewed, which were applied as a substitutive condition of incarceration for sex offenders. Also, various criminal procedures were compared to protect society from sexually dangerous offenders.
Abstract
Over the last two decades, there has been an explosion of research concerning the influence of culture on social psychological phenomena. The dimension of individualism and collectivism has been the focus of much empirical investigation, as evidenced in the abundance of published articles as well as books devoted to this dimension. As a result of the immense success of research on individualism-collectivism, there has been a dearth of research on other dimensions of culture. Thus, the central goal of this research is to expand upon cultural theories in social-organizational psychology by introducing theoretical approach to and empirical evidence for another cultural dimension, cultural tightness-looseness. Tightness-looseness has been defined as the degree to which norms are clearly defined and reliably imposed within cultures (Pelto, 1968). Specifically, a multi-level theory is reviewed, which examines cultural tightness-looseness in modern and complex societies, and integrates research from a variety of disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, and psychology, and illustrates the dynamic interplay between ecocultural and historical factors, the structure of situations, and psychological processes in tight and loose cultural systems. Finally, empirical evidence for this theory was covered.
Abstract
Over the last two decades, there has been an explosion of research concerning the influence of culture on social psychological phenomena. The dimension of individualism and collectivism has been the focus of much empirical investigation, as evidenced in the abundance of published articles as well as books devoted to this dimension. As a result of the immense success of research on individualism-collectivism, there has been a dearth of research on other dimensions of culture. Thus, the central goal of this research is to expand upon cultural theories in social-organizational psychology by introducing theoretical approach to and empirical evidence for another cultural dimension, cultural tightness-looseness. Tightness-looseness has been defined as the degree to which norms are clearly defined and reliably imposed within cultures (Pelto, 1968). Specifically, a multi-level theory is reviewed, which examines cultural tightness-looseness in modern and complex societies, and integrates research from a variety of disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, and psychology, and illustrates the dynamic interplay between ecocultural and historical factors, the structure of situations, and psychological processes in tight and loose cultural systems. Finally, empirical evidence for this theory was covered.
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of hostile and benevolent sexism on the attitudes towards female subgroups. 1540 respondents(males 772, females 768) evaluated 12 female groups in terms of the trait characteristics of ability and warmth, and attitudes(measured by feeling thermometer scales) on a survey questionnaire. Four clusters(i. e., professional women, prostitutes, housewives and female counselors) of females subgroups were obtained on the basis of the ability and the warmth ratings. The results demonstrated that hostile sexism was related to the negative attitudes toward female subgroups who were considered as rather nontraditional by the society, compared to the traditional subgroups. This tendency was prominent in male respondents. On the other hand, benevolent sexism was related to the positive attitudes toward female subgroups of career women, housewives and female counselors, while it was associated with negative attitudes toward the prostitute subgroup. The latter effect was stronger among female respondents. These results demonstrated that the benevolent sexism was a new form of sexism, which differed from the traditional meaning of sexism.