바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

ACOMS+ 및 학술지 리포지터리 설명회

  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
 

logo

자기고양편향이 행복감과 인기도에 미치는 효과

The Relations Among Self-enhancement, Subjective Happiness, and Peer Status

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2007, v.21 no.1, pp.89-104
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2007.21.1.007
백수경 (경남대학교)
고재홍 (중앙대학교)

초록

본 연구에서는 자기고양편향 크기를 자기평가와 같은 집단내 타인들의 그에 대한 평균평가간의 차이로 정의한 다음, 자기고양편향이 개인내적 측면인 행복감과 대인간 측면인 인기도와 어떤 관계가 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 같은 반의 고등학생들을 동성 4인 집단으로 남학생 55집단과 여학생 51집단을 구성하였다. 각 집단성원들에게 라운드 로빈 방식으로 자신과 집단내 타인들 각각을 성격 5요인에 근거한 척도를 사용하여 평가하도록 하였다. 그 결과 전체적으로 참여자들은 자기고양보다는 자기겸양 경향을 보여주고 있었다. 둘째, 주관적 행복감은 타인의 평가보다는 자기평가 점수와 더 높게 관련된 반면, 인기도는 자기평가보다는 타인의 평가와 더 관련이 높았다. 셋째, 전반적인 자기고양편향은 주관적 행복감에 긍정적 영향을 주지만, 인기도에는 부정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로는 정서적 안정성과 개방성에서 자기고양편향이 클수록 주관적 행복감이 큰 것으로 나타난 반면, 정서적 안정성, 성실성, 원만성, 개방성에서의 자기고양편향은 인기도에 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 종합하면 외향성에서의 자기고양편향은 주관적 행복감과 인기도 모두와 그 관련성이 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 정서적 안정성과 개방성에서의 자기고양편향은 주관적 행복감에는 긍정적 효과를, 인기도에는 부정적 효과를 주는 양면적 기능을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

keywords
self-enhancement bias, self-abasement bias, subjective happiness, peer status, evaluation of personality, 자기고양편향, 자기겸양편향, 행복감, 인기도, 성격평가

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of self-enhancement bias on intrapsychic and interpersonal aspects. Divided into 55 male and 51 female groups each of which comprised 4 classmates of the same sex, a total of 424 subjects participated in the study. These subjects assessed themselves and others in his or her group on Big-five personality items. This research defined the index of self-enhancement bias as a value that subtracts others' average assessment from one's own assessment. Findings were as follows. First, the subjects generally displayed self-abasement rather than self-enhancement. Second, subjective happiness was related to one's own assessment more than others' assessment whereas one's peer status was associated more with others' assessment than one's own assessment. Third, the overall self-enhancement bias turned out to exert a positive effect on subjective happiness but a negative effect on peer status. In terms of emotional stability and openness, finally, the more biased toward self-enhancement the subjects were, the more subjective happiness they showed. Meanwhile, self-enhancement bias was shown to have a negative effect on peer status in regard to emotional stability, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness. Namely, the self-enhancement bias in extroversion was less likely to be related to both subjective happiness and peer status while regarding emotional stability and openness, it was shown to have the dual function of a positive effect on subjective happiness and a negative effect on peer status.

keywords
self-enhancement bias, self-abasement bias, subjective happiness, peer status, evaluation of personality, 자기고양편향, 자기겸양편향, 행복감, 인기도, 성격평가

참고문헌

1.

고재홍, 전병우 (2003). 두 자기평가 편향과 자존감간의 관계. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 17(2), 1-16.

2.

공영숙, 고재홍 (2004). 교사의 자기고양편향과 자기향상감이 교직만족도 및 교직몰입에 미치는 영향. 논문집(경남대 교육대학원 편), 11, 5-30.

3.

김진주, 구자영, 서은국 (2006). 객관적인 신체적 매력과 행복. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 20(4), 61-70.

4.

박혜경 (2002). 시간에 걸친 사람의 변화 평가에서 나타나는 자기고양 편향. 서울대학교 석사학위논문.

5.

서은국, 최인철 (2005). 빅-5 성격검사. 미출간 논문. 서울대학교.

6.

안신호, 박미영 (2005). 자존감 결정요인:영역별 능력과 자기수용의 영향. 한국심리학회지:일반, 24(1), 109-140.

7.

정대현 (2006). 청소년이 지각한 동료의 성격특성 및 능력이 또래지위에 미치는 영향. 경남대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문.

8.

정 욱, 한규석 (2005). 자기고양 현상에 대한 조절변인으로서의 자존감. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 19 (1), 199-216.

9.

조긍호 (1993). 대인평가의 문화간 차이:대인평가 이원모형의 확대시론. 한국심리학회지:사회, 7(1), 124- 149.

10.

조긍호, 김소연 (1998). 겸양편향자의 선호현상. 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 12(1), 169-189.

11.

Alicke, M. D. (1985). Global self-evaluation as determined by the desirability and controllability of trait adjec- tives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1621-1630.

12.

Asendorpf, J. B., & Ostendorf, F. (1998). Is self- enhancement healthy? Conceptual, psychometric, and empirical analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 955-966.

13.

Bogart, L. M., Benotsch, E. G., & Pavlovic, J. D. (2004). Feeling superior but not threatened:The relation of narcissism to social comparison. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 26, 35-44.

14.

Boyd-Wilson, B., McClure, J., & Walkey, F. (2004). Are wellbeing and illusory perceptions linked? The answer may be yes, but. Australian Journal of Psychology, 56, 1-9.

15.

Buunk, B. P., Collins, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Van Yperen, N. W. G. A. (1990). The affective conse- quences of social comparison direction has its ups and downs. Journal of Personality Psychology, 59, 1238-1249.

16.

Byrne, D., & Nelson, D. (1965). Attraction as a linear function of proportion of positive reinforcements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 659-663.

17.

Campbell, J. D., & Fehr, B. A. (1990). Self-esteem and perceptions of conveyed impressions:Is Negative affectivity associated with greater realism? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 122-133.

18.

Coie, J. D., & Dodge, K. A. (1983). Continuities and changes in children's social status:A five-year longitudinal study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 29(3), 261-281.

19.

Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., & Coppotelli, H. (1982). Dimensions and types of status:A cross-age per- spective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 557-570.

20.

Colvin, C. R., Block, J., & Funder, D. C. (1995). Overly positive self-evaluations and personality:Negative implications for mental health. Journal of Person- ality and Social Psychology, 68, 1152-1162.

21.

Crary, W. G. (1966). Reactions to incongruent self- experiences. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 30, 246-252.

22.

Cross, P. (1977). Not can but will college teachers be improved? New Directions for Higher Education, 17, 1-15.

23.

Davidov, M., & Morf, C. C. (2004). Narcissism and interpersonal relationship:Putting away the ones we need. Unpublished data, University of Toronto.

24.

Emmons, R. A. (1984). Factor analysis and construct validity of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 291-300.

25.

Erdelyi, M. H. (1974). A new look at the new look:Perceptual defence and vigilance. Psychological Review, 81, 1-25.

26.

Freedman, J. (1978). Happy people:What happiness is, who has it, and why. NY:Harcourt Brace Jovanoich.

27.

Greenwald, A., G. (1980). The totalitarian ego:Fabri- cation and revision of personal history. American Psychologist, 35, 603-613.

28.

Greenwald, A., & Pratkanis, A. R. (1984). The self. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull(Eds.), Handbook of social cognition(Vol. 3, pp. 129-178). Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.

29.

Hartup, W. W. (1978). Children and their friends. In H. McGurk(Ed.), Issues in childhood social develop- ment(pp. 170-192). London:Metheum.

30.

Headey, B., & Wearing, A. (1987). The sense of relative superiority-central to well-being. Social Indicators Research, 20, 497-516.

31.

Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1997). The cultural construction of self-enhancement:An examination of group-serving biases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1268-1283.

32.

Helgeson, V. S., & Taylor, S. E. (1993). Social comparisons and adjustment among cardiac parents. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 1171-1195.

33.

John, D. P., Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory-Version 4a and 54. Technical Report, University of California. Institute of Person- ality and Social Research, Berkeley.

34.

John, O. P., & Robin, R. W. (1994). Accuracy and bias in self-perception:Individual differences in self- enhancement and the role of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 206-219.

35.

Johoda, M. (1958). Current concepts of positive mental health. NY:Basic Books.

36.

Jones, E. E. (1985). Major developments in social psychol- ogy during the past five decades. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson(Eds.), The handbook of social psychol- ogy(3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 47-107). NY:Random House.

37.

Kenny, D. A. (1987). Accuracy in interpersonal percep- tion:A Social relations analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 390-402.

38.

Kenny, D. A. (1994). Interpersonal perception. NY:Guilford.

39.

Kenny, D. A., & La Voie, L. (1984). The social relations model. In L. Berkowitz(Ed.), Advances experimental social psychology(Vol. 18, pp. 142-182). Orlando, FL:Academic Press.

40.

Kenny, D. A., & Winquist, L. (2001). The measurement of interpersonal sensitivity:Design, components, and unit of analysis. In J. Hall & F. Bernieri(Eds.), Interpersonal sensitivity:Theory, measurement, and applications. NJ:Erlbaum.

41.

Kernis, M. H. (2001). Following the trail from narcissism to fragile self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 223-225.

42.

Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., Matsumoto, & Norasakkuniki, V. (1997). Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self:Self-enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1245- 1267.

43.

Klar, Y., Medding, A., & Sarel, D. (1996). Nonunique vulnerability:Singular versus distributional proba- bilities and unrealistic optimism in comparative risk judgments. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67, 229-245.

44.

Kruglanski, A. W. (1989). The psychology of being ‘right':The problem of accuracy in social percep- tion and cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 395-409.

45.

Kuiper, N. A., Olinger, L. J., MacDonald, M. R., & Shaw, B. F. (1985). Self-schema processing of depressed and nondepressed content:The effects of vulnerability on depression. Social Cognition, 3, 77-93.

46.

Kurman, J. (2003). Why is self-enhancement low in certain collective culture?:An investigation of two competing explanations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 496-510.

47.

Kwan, V. S., John, O. P., Kenny, D. A., & Bond, M. H. (2004). Reconceptualizing individual differences in self-enhancement bias:An interpersonal approach. Psychological Review, 111, 94-110.

48.

Lyubomirsky. S., Kasri, F., & Zehm, K. (2000). Hedonic casualties of self-reflection. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside.

49.

Lyubomirsky. S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness:Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137-155.

50.

Malloy, T. E., & Yarlas, A. (1996). Interpersonal percep- tion in a social context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 419-428.

51.

Miller, D. T., & Ross, M. (1975). Self-serving biases in attribution of causality:Fact or fiction? Psychologi- cal Bulletin, 82, 213-225.

52.

Moreno, J. L. (1934). Who shall survive? A new approach to the problem of human interrelations. Washington, DC:Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing.

53.

Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psy- chological Science, 6, 10-19.

54.

Patalano, F. (1997). Narcissism and hostility. Psychologi- cal Reports, 80, 289-290.

55.

Robin, R. W., & Beer, J. S. (2001). Positive illusion about the self:Short-term benefits and long-term costs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 340-352.

56.

Rosenblatt, R. (1993). The 11th commandment. Family Circle, 25, 30-32.

57.

Seligman, M., & Chikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.

58.

Steiger, J. H. (1980). Test for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 87, 245- 251.

59.

Sternberg, R. J., & Kolligan, J. (1990). Competence considered. CT:Yale University Press.

60.

Stucke, T. S., & Sporer, S. L. (2002). When a grandiose self-image is threatened:Narcissism and self- concept clarity as predictors of negative emotions and aggression toward ego threat. Journal of Per- sonality, 70, 509-532.

61.

Suh, E. M., Diener, E., & Updegraff (2006). From culture to priming conditions:How self-constual influences life satisfaction judgments. Manuscript under review.

62.

Suls, J., Lemons, K., & Stewart, H. L. (2002). Self- esteem, construal, and comparisons with the self, friends, and peers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 252-262.

63.

Swann, W. B., & Pelham, B. W. (1989). Form self- conceptions to self-worth:On the sources and structure of global self-esteem. Journal of Person- ality and Social Psychology, 57, 672-680.

64.

Takata, T. (2003). Self-enhancement and self-criticism in Japanese culture:An experimental analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 542- 551.

65.

Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and wellbeing:A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.

66.

Taylor, S. E., Kemeny. M. E., Reed, G. M., & Aspinwall, L. G. (1991). Assault on the self:Positive illusions and adjustment to threatening events. In G. A. Goethals & J. A. Strauss(Eds.), The self:An inter- disciplinary perspective(pp.239-254). NY:Springer- Verlag.

67.

Tesser, A., Campbell, J., & Smith, M. (1984). Friendship choice and performance:Self-evaluation mainte- nance in children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 561-574.

68.

Watson, D., & Hubbard, B. (1996). Adaptational style and dispositional structure:Coping in the context of the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 64, 737-774.

69.

Winquist, L. A., Mohr, C. D., & Kenny, D. A. (1998). The female positivity effect in the perception of others. Journal of Research in Personality, 32, 370- 388.

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격