Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.35 No.1
Abstract
The study verified the mediating effect of negative thoughts about self and career abandonment between preadult delinquency propensity and offender recidivism risk. The survey was conducted on 483 offenders. The collected data was analyzed through the SPSS 25.0 program. Mediating effect verification was performed using the Process Macro of Hayes (Model 4). The results of this study are as follows. First, the indirect effect of negative thoughts about self between preadult delinquency propensity and offender recidivism risk was significant. Second, career abandonment had an indirect effect between preadult delinquency propensity and offender recidivism risk. Third, double-mediated effects of negative thoughts about self and career abandonment between preadult delinquency propensity and offender recidivism risk was found to be only significant in negative thoughts about self. Based on the above findings, implications and suggestions were discussed.
Abstract
Despite suspects and defence counsels’ correction power, distortions of paper records are still problematic. Therefore, this study examined distortion correction performance of the suspect and defence counsel. In study 1, total 116 undergraduate students were allocated into one of the four conditions (‘innocent/commission’, ‘innocent/omission’, ‘deceptive/commission’, ‘deceptive/omission’), then asked to correct distortions. In study 2, total 45 lawyers were allocated into condition of ‘commission’ or ‘omission’, then asked to correct distortions. In study 3, the results of two preceding studies were compared. The results showed that (1) Innocent student groups found more distortions than deceptive groups. (2) Omission correction scores were lower than commission correction scores in all groups(students․lawyers). (3) The failures mainly result from the failures of finding rather than failures of estimating in all groups(students․lawyers). (4) The score differences between innocent and deceptive student groups were lower in omission correction than in commission correction. (5) No significant differences were found between the correction performances of laypersons and lawyers. In the conclusion, implications and limitations of the study were disscussed along with some improvement methods.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a short form of a multi-dimensional personality inventory(Bright and Dark Personality Inventory: BDPI). Items were selected from the original form in order to develop the BDPI short form, and the reliability and validity of the short form were examined. A clinical psychologist and psychometrician selected 33 of the 165 original items in light of the item content and parameters(severity and discrimination). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were generally low. The reason for the low reliability was an insufficient number of items for each factor. The model fit of the short form was better than that of the original form and the short form showed the same factor structure as the original form. The convergent validity of the short form was similar to that of the original form and the profiles of the short form and original form were similar to each other. As a result, although the short form was reduced by 80% from the original form, it was confirmed that the short form generated precise measurement of the same personality traits as the original form does. In order to evaluate the sub-factors belonging to each of the five factors, the original form should be used, but it is thought that the short form will be widely utilized in studies using the five factors as the main variable or in clinical settings for rapid measurements of personality. Finally, in the discussion section, limitations are addressed and suggestions are presented for further research.
Abstract
The recent call for understanding the implicit and unconscious aspect of personality gave rise to the conceptualization of implicit creative personality. However, to this end, theoretical and empirical examination of the implicit creative personality still lacks. The purpose of the current research is to add a new justification mechanism (the intrinsic motivation bias) to the Conditional Reasoning Test for Creative Personality (CRT-CP; Schoen, Bowler, & Schilpzand, 2018). First, based on the review of the five justification mechanisms included in the CRT-CP and the existing literature on creativity, we introduced the intrinsic motivation bias as an additional justification mechanism of creative people. Building on the operational definition of the intrinsic motivation bias, we created the corresponding Conditional Reasoning items. Using a sample of 240 undergraduate and graduate students in Korea, we examined the reliability and the convergent validity of the CRT-Intrinsic Motivation Bias with the CRT-CP, the explicitly measured creative personality and the explicitly measured intrinsic motivation. In addition, we sought for evidence of the divergent validity with the personality trait of conscientiousness. Finally, we tested the incremental validity of the CRT-Intrinsic Motivation Bias and the extended CRT-CP, respectively, in the prediction of creative achievement. We discussed implications with respect to the potential extension of the CRT-CP and the usefulness of the CRT-Intrinsic Motivation Bias, as well as the limitations of the current study.
Abstract
Based on regulatory focus theory, the current study tested the effect of promotion and prevention foci on legal decision making. In particular, it aimed to uncover the effects of regulatory focus on penalization (punishment level and sentence) in criminal cases and the underlying psychological mechanism. Study 1 verified the relation between regulatory focus and penalization as well as the role of selective information processing. The result of a survey with a case scenario showed that information selection process mediated the relation between regulatory focus and level of punishment. That is, stronger the promotion focus, higher the level of punishment and larger the ratio for considering the information in accordance with the punishment level. Study 2 re-verified the results of study 1 in terms of causal relations. As the result of an experiment with priming regulatory focus to see the pattern of penalization and information processing, selective information processing mediated the two variables in penalization process in accordance with regulatory focus (only for punishment level), which was in line with the result of study 1. Study 3 aimed to find the effects of regulatory focus in terms of motivation by verifying whether the effects of judgment goal change in accordance with regulatory focus. The effects of judgment goal differed depending on regulatory focus conditions. That is, with stronger promotion focus the difference in punishment level was larger, whereas it was smaller when prevention focus was predominant. The current study showed that the effects of regulatory focus on penalization was mediated by selective information processing and influenced by motivated goals. Lastly, the applicability of the current results in criminal judgment and suggestions for future research were discussed.