바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

The Korean Journal of Health Psychology

The Moderating Effect of Ego-Resilience on Parentification and Subjective Well-Being of High School Students

The Korean Journal of Health Psychology / The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, (P)1229-070X; (E)2713-9581
2012, v.17 no.4, pp.1027-1043
https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2012.17.4.015


Giye Kim (Brigham Young University-Hawaii)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between parentification, ego-resilience and subjective well-being. Further, to examine the moderating effect of ego-resilience on parentification and subjective well-being among high school students. Participants were 434 (260 males and 204 females) high school students, whose average age was 16.18 (SD=1.00). Parentification, ego-resilience, negative/positive emotion, life satisfaction, and subjective happiness were measured for this study. Results revealed that parentification of high school students was significantly correlated with subjective well-being. Physical and emotional parentifications were positively correlated only with negative emotion. Unfairness, a sub-factor of parentification, was closely related with subjective well-being of high school students. Besides, all sub-variables of ego-resilience were significantly correlated with all variables of subjective well-being. Interaction effects of parentification and ego-resilience in positive emotion, life satisfaction, and subjective happiness were also found. This means that ego-resilience could moderate negative effects of parentification on subjective well-being. The influences of parentification and the roles of ego-resilience in adolescents’ well-being were discussed with previous studies, and the direction for further studies and clinical meaning of this study were recommended.

keywords
청소년, 부모화, 자아탄력성, 행복, 웰빙, adolescent, parentification, ego-resilience, happiness, well-being

Reference

1.

서은국, 구재선, 이동귀, 정태연, 최인철 (2010). 한국인의 행복 및 정신건강 계수: 한국인의 행복지수와 그 의미. 한국심리학회 연차학술발표대회논문집, 213-232.

2.

안재순, 정성진, 서경현 (2012). 부모의 문제음주와 고등학생 자녀의 부모화 간의 관계: 성별과 종교유무를 중심으로. 청소년학연구, 19(3), 245-266.

3.

유성경, 홍세희, 최보윤 (2004). 가정의 위험요소와 적응의 관계에서 자아 탄성력, 애착, 실존적 영성의매개 효과 검증. 한국교육심리연구, 18,393-408.

4.

이경순, 서경현 (2011). 대학생의 대인관계 스트레스 및부모와의 갈등과 주관적 웰빙: 원한 동기의 매개효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 건강,16(3), 595-608.

5.

정태연, 최상진, 김효창 (2002). 아동과 어른 그리고 청소년에 대한 사회적 표상: 성격적, 관계적 및과업적 특성을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 8(2), 51-82.

6.

조명한, 차경호 (1998). 삶의 질에 대한 국가간 비교. 서울: 집문당.

7.

조은영 (2004). 부모화 된 자녀의 심리적 특성 및 가족내 영향력 연구. 중앙대학교 박사학위논문.

8.

조은영, 정태연 (2004). 자녀의 부모화와 관련된 심리적특성들의 탐색. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 9,43-62.

9.

최명선, 강지희 (2008). 부모화 경험이 청소년의 우울과불안에 미치는 영향. 한국놀이치료학회지, 11,43-53.

10.

한민, 최인철, 김범준, 이훈진, 김경미, 류승아 (2012).한국 청소년들의 행복: 타 연령대와의 비교를중심으로. 청소년학연구, 19(5), 217-235.

11.

김영희, 서경현 (2011). 병원 종사자의 직무 스트레스및 자아탄력성과 스트레스 반응 및 서비스 질의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 16(2), 329-345.

12.

강원희, 유순화, 윤경미 (2010). 청소년의 부모화 경험과심리적 부적응의 관계. 중등교육연구, 58(3),357-379.

13.

김유진, 김영희 (2009). 일상생활스트레스와 자아탄력성이 아동의 부적응에 미치는 영향. 한국가족관계학회지, 14, 123-142.

14.

김정호 (2007). 삶의 만족 및 삶의 기대와 스트레스 및웰빙의 관계: 동기상태이론의 적용. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 12, 325-345.

15.

박지혜, 이하나, 정현주, 이기학 (2005). 대학생의 자아탄력성과 행복감이 스트레스 지각에 미치는 영향. 2005년 한국심리학회연차학술대회논문집,474-475.

16.

박현정, 천성문, 주동범 (2011). 중학생의 부모화 경향성과 부모양육태도 지각이 대인관계문제에 미치는 영향: 수치심 경향성을 매개변인으로. 직업교육연구, 30(2), 35-49.

17.

박현진 (1996). 자아탄력성에 따른 지각된 스트레스, 대처 및 우울. 고려대학교 석사학위논문.

18.

서경현, 김성민 (2009). 대학생의 스트레스와 문제음주의 관계에서의 자아탄력성의 역할. 한국알코올과학지, 10(2), 33-43.

19.

서경현, 김정호, 유제민 (2009). 성격과 주관적 웰빙 간의 관계: Big 5 성격요인과 BAS/BIS를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 15(1), 169-186.

20.

서경현, 최인 (2010). 노인환자 요양보호사의 직무 스트레스원, 강인성 및 자아탄력성과 스트레스 반응. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 15(2), 309-326.

21.

Bekir, P., McLellan, T., Childress, A. R., & Gariti, P.(1993). Role reversals in families ofsubstance abusers: A transgenerationalphenomenon. The International Journal of theAddictions, 28(6), 613-630.

22.

Block, J. (1961). The Q-Sort Method in Personality Assessment and Psychiatric Research. Springfield, Illinois: C.C. Thomas. (Reprinted by Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, California in 1978)

23.

Block, J., & Kreman, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego resiliency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 346-361.

24.

Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., & Spark, G. (1973). Invisible loyalties: Reciprocity in intergenerational family therapy. New York: Harper & Row.

25.

Bowlby, J. (1980). Loss: Sadness & Depression. Attachment and Loss (vol. 3); (International psycho-analytical library no.109). London: Hogarth Press.

26.

Bowlby, J. (1980). Loss: Sadness & Depression. Attachment and Loss (vol. 3); (International psycho-analytical library no.109). London: Hogarth Press.

27.

Burns, T. (1994). From risk to resilience. Dallas, TX: Marco-Polo Press.

28.

Byng-Hall, J. (2002). Relieving parentified children’s burden in families with insecure attachment patterns. Family Process, 41, 375-388.

29.

Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (1999). Facilitating post-traumatic growth: A clinician’s guide. Mahwah, NJ: Lawerence Erlbaum.

30.

Carver, C. S. (1998). Resilience and thriving: Issues, models and linkages. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 245-266.

31.

Chase, N. D., Deming, M. P., & Wells, M. C. (1998). Parentification, parental alcoholism, and academic status among young adults. American Journal of Family Therapy, 26(2), 105-114.

32.

Dawson, F. (1980). The parental child in single and dual parent families. Unpublished master's thesis, Georgia State University, Atlanta.

33.

Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.

34.

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.

35.

Diener, E., Suh, E., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L.(1999). Subjective well-being: Three decadesof progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125,276-302.

36.

Egeland, B., & Kreutzer, T. (1992). A longitudinal study of the effects of maternal stress and protective factors on the development of high risk children. In E Cummings, A Greene, K Karraker (Eds.). Life-span perspectives on stress and coping. New York: John Wiley.

37.

Gardner, R. A., Sauber, S. R., Lorandos, D. (2006). The International Handbook of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Conceptual, Clinical And Legal Considerations. Springfield: IL, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, LTD.

38.

Garmezy, N., & Streitman, S. (1974). Children at risk: The search for antecedents to schizophrenia. Part I: Conceptual models and research methods. schizophrenia Bulletin, 8, 14-90.

39.

Hunter, A. J., & Chandler, G. E. (1999). Adolescent resilience. The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31, 243-247.

40.

Jones, R., & Wells, M. (1996). An empirical study of parentification and personality. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 24, 145-152.

41.

Jurkovic, G. J., Jesse, E., & Goglia, L. (1991). Treatment of parental children and their families: Conceptual and technical issues. American Journal of Family Therapy, 19(4), 302-315.

42.

Jurkovic, G. J., Thirkield, A., & Morrell, R. (2001). Parentification of adult children of divorce: A multidimensional analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(2), 245-257.

43.

Klohnen, E. C. (1996). Conceptual analysis and measurement of the construct of ego-resiliency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1067-1079.

44.

Luthar, S., Burak, J., Cicchetti, D., & Weisz, J. (1997). Developmental psychopathology perspectives on adjustments, risk, disorder. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

45.

Lyubomirsky, S., & Della Porta, M. (2008). Boosting happiness, buttressing resilience: Results from cognitive and behavioral interventions. In J. W. Reich, A. J. Zautra, J. Hall (Eds.). Handbook of adult resilience: Concepts, methods, and applications. New York: Guilford Press.

46.

Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137-155.

47.

Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development & Psychopathology 2, 425-444.

48.

McMahon, T. J., & Luthar, S. S. (2007). Defining characteristics and potential consequences of caretaking burden among children living in urban poverty. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77, 267–281.

49.

Ong, A. D., Bergeman, C. S., Bisconti, T. L., & Wallace, K. A. (2006). Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 730-749.

50.

Peris, T. S., Goeke-Morey, M. C, Cummings, E. M.,& Emery, R. E. (2008). Marital conflict andsupport seeking by parents in adolescence:Empirical support for the parentificationconstruct. Journal of Family Psychology, 22,633-642.

51.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review Psychology, 52, 141-166.

52.

Sessions, M. W., & Jurkovic, G. J. (1986). The Parentification Questionnaire. Available from Gregory J. Jurkovic, Dept. of Psychology, Georgia State University. GA, Atlanta: University Plaza.

53.

Torsheim, T., & Wold, B. (2001). School-related stress, school support, and somatic complaints: a general population study. Journal of Adolescent Research, 16, 293-303.

54.

Tugade, M. M., Fredrickson, B. L., & Barrett, L. F.(2004). Psychological resilience and positiveemotional granularity: Examining the benefitsof positive emotions on coping and health.Journal of Personality, 72, 1161-1190.

55.

Wells, M., & Jones, R. (2000). Childhood parentification and shame-proneness: A preliminary study. American Journal of Family Therapy, 28(1), 19-28.

56.

West, M. L., & Keller, A. E. (1991). Parentification of the child: A case study of Bowlby's compulsive care-giving attachment pattern. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 45, 425-431.

The Korean Journal of Health Psychology