Coaching is to carry the coaches from they are (here & now) to where they aspire to be (in the future). Today, coaching psychology is for enhancing well-being and performance in personal life and work domains, and rooted by models of coaching grounded in established psychological approaches. Mindfulness and acceptance-committment based approache emphasizes the training of mind as a tool to improve well-being happiness and performance. Especially, coaching psychology and mindfullness-acceptance-commitment based approaches both focused to the clients’ value clarification. Thus, in this article the models that integrate Mindfulness and Acceptance Committment Therapy (ACT) into coaching practice are explored. Finally, the summary and the future directions are presented.
The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Dialectical Behavior Therapy(DBT) Skill Training on emotional intelligence, interpersonal problems, and mental health in colleges students with low levels of emotional intelligence. A DBT Skill Training Program was implemented for a total of 12 sessions over 6 weeks. A follow-up test was conducted after 6 weeks. As a result of participation in this study, emotion intelligence and mental health of the group participating in the DBT Skill Training Program were significantly increased. Interpersonal problems in the group DBT Skill Training Program were also significantly reduced in some areas. However, no significant changes were observed in the control group. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future study were also discussed.
Despite broad consensus that parenting can be the most rewarding job in life, it can still be stressful to parents, especially for mothers, who are mainly in charge of parenting. This stress in the parenting role among mothers has been found to be negatively related to maternal psychological well-being, parenting attitude, and eventually family functioning. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a parent education program in order to help mothers deal with their parenting difficulties. This study aims to examine the effects of a Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) counseling program as a parent education program on parenting stress, psychological well-being, and parenting attitude among mothers with preschoolers or school-aged children. A total of 24 mothers with preschoolers or school-aged children living in Eugene, Oregon in the United States were randomly and equally assigned to a experimental group or a control group. The outcome was assessed by the Parenting Stress Index/SF (PSI-SF), Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), and Parenting Attitude Index (PAT). The experimental group participated in the NLP counseling program for an 8 week session, once a week, for 2 hours each session. Measures were taken for the experimental group on three occasions: pre-intervention, at 8 weeks, and at 4 week follow-up, whereas the control group did not participate in the program, and did not receive the measures at 4 week follow-up. The results of the study were as follows: the NLP counseling program had a statistically significant effect on lowering parenting stress, improving psychological well-being, and positively changing parenting attitude of the experimental group, compared to those of the control group-after the program, and at the 4 week later follow-up period. Finally the implications and limitations of this study are discussed, with suggestions for future studies.
In this study, we compared the effects of and 8-weeks implementation of Loving-Kindness and Compassion Meditation (LCM) and Mindfulness Meditation (MM) on psychological health and psychological resources, along with compassion and empathy related variables. Thirty-six college students who were enrolled in a class participated, and were randomly assigned to one of the two meditation groups (experimental groups). Twenty-two students in another class participated in an MAC (Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment) program, being assigned to the control group. Eight established instruments were utilized in this study to measure psychological health (MAAS, MQ-30, CD-RISC), psychological resources (SCL-90-R, WHO-QOL), and empathy and compassion (SCS, BES, CLS). All the variables was measured at three time points: pre-, mid- (4 weeks later), and post-implementation (8 weeks later). The LKCM and MM group showed statistically significant improvement in their quality of life, depressive symptom, resilience, self-compassion, and compassionate love compared the to control group, but not in meta-cognition, mindfulness level, and empathy. In addition, significant differences were also found between the two meditation groups. Specifically, 1) MM had a unique effect on cultivating self-compassion, 2) LCM affected compassionate love for strangers and/or humaneness in general, and 3) while the effects of MM and LCM on the total changes of the scores were almost the same, there were some differences in the changing processes. Possible interpretations and implications of the results were discussed, and some themes and hypotheses for future research were suggested to improve the limitations of this research.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of mindfulness meditation on depression, anxiety, and quality of life in patients with severe Alopecia Areata (AA). Thirty AA outpatient individuals (14 men and 16 women, 25-43 years old) from four local Korean traditional medical clinics in Seoul, South Korea, were recruited for this through preliminary evaluation. All participants suffered from severe forms of AA for at least one year and did not respond well to conventional AA treatments. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The groups did not differ with respect to AA severity, depression, or anxiety. The first group received treatments as usual (TAU), which included Korean traditional medical treatment, such as Korean herbal medicine and acupuncture. The other group received both TAU and a Mindfulness Meditation program (TAU+MM). In addition to receiving TAU, the participants in the meditation group attended 8 weekly Mindfulness Meditation sessions lasting 60-70 minutes. Both groups completed the Beck Depression Inventory, State Trait Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Patients with Hair Disease (Hairdex) measures to assess the effectiveness of the Mindfulness Meditation program on psychological factors. We also examined whether psychological acceptance(AAQ-16) and mindfulness(MAAS) were related process variables. The data of 20 participants (10 in each group) were analyzed and the results revealed that the TAU+MM group showed significantly more change than the TAU-only group with respect to depression, anxiety, Quality of Life (i.e., total score, Emotion and Stigmatization subscales). These results demonstrated that the Mindfulness Meditation program is capable of reducing the negative psychological impact of AA on patients and improving the general quality of life of patients. Limitations and implications of the present study were also discussed, including areas of needed future research.
This study is to test the hypothesis that there is significant correlation between types of parenting, and students’ test-anxiety and self-esteem within the third graders of high school. A total of 363 third year high school students living in the Yong-in Area were recruited for this study. According to the results, the correlation between the parents’ authoritarian attitude and the students’ level of test-anxiety was found to be significant. Secondly, it was found that the students’ self-esteem varied according to whether both of their parents were authoritarian or liberal. Thirdly, the mediating effect of self-esteem between the parenting attitude and test-anxiety was proven. Lastly, the limitations of this study and suggestions for following studies were discussed.
This study aims to examine how regret, self-disclosure, resentment, and forgiveness relate to the subjective and psychological well-being of the female elderly living alone, and investigate how these factors influence their subjective and psychological well-being. The participants were 380 elderly women who were living alone in Seoul and its suburbs, whose ages ranged from 65 to 94. The psychological tests used in this research included the following: the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scale, the Self-Disclosure Scale, the Regret Scale developed for this study, and the Forgiveness Scale. The results indicated that regret accounted for the most variance of subjective and psychological well-being of the female elderly living alone. Regret on the relationships with family members was more negatively correlated with the well-being of the female elderly living alone, rather than regret on the neighborhood. Regret was positively correlated with resentment. Although resentment was negatively correlated with forgiveness, they shared little variance. Resentment accounted for more variance of subjective well-being than forgiveness did; whereas forgiveness accounted for more variance of psychological well-being than resentment did. Resentment was significantly correlated with self-disclosure, and self-disclosure was positively correlated with psychological well-being. Based on the result, means to promote the well-being of the female elderly living alone were discussed, with some considerations being suggested as to how they might be applied.
The purpose of this study was to test the influence of the sense of self-control and hopelessness on suicidal ideation in alcohol use disorders. The second purpose was to examine the moderating effect of the perceived support from family as a protective factor against suicidal ideation. The data was gathered from 213 subjects who were all diagnosed with alcohol abuse or alcohol dependency by DSM-Ⅳ in Gyeong-gi and Incheon, South Korea. In analysis using SPSS 20.0, we found a direct path from sense of self-control to suicidal ideation and an indirect path from sense of control through hopelessness, to suicidal ideation. Because the two paths were significant, it was found that hopelessness mediated the path from sense of control to suicidal ideation. In testing the moderating effect of the perceived support from family, it was found that the perceived support from family moderated the negative effect of sense of self-control on hopelessness, but did not moderate the negative effect of hopelessness on suicidal ideation. It suggests that enhanced perceived support from the family can play a protective factor for suicide ideation by moderating hopelessness in alcohol use disorders.
This study was to examine the influence of the severity of gambling behavior, psychological pressure of debt related to gambling, and the family’s emotional support on suicidal ideation in gamblers. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk and protective factors related to suicidal ideation in gamblers. Data was gathered and analyzed from 179 gamblers who had visited legal gambling facilities, and counseling centers for gambling addicts. First, the results show that the severity of gambling behavior is a risk factor for suicidal ideation in gamblers. Second, psychological pressure of debt related to gambling mediated the relationship between the severity of gambling behavior, and suicide ideation in gamblers. We found a direct path of gambling severity to suicidal ideation, and an indirect path from gambling severity, through pressure of debt related gambling, to suicidal ideation. Third, moderating effect of family emotional support was found on the relationship between the severity of gambling behavior and suicide ideation in gamblers. Finally, the limitations and implications of this study were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between gratitude disposition, interpersonal competence, and the psychological well-being of college students, and examined the mediating effects of interpersonal competence between gratitude disposition and psychological well-being. The participants were 329 male and female college students, whose average age was 21.34 (SD=2.36). The psychological tests used in this research included the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6), Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ), and Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS). The results indicated that there were no gender differences in gratitude disposition and interpersonal competence. But, female students showed more positive interpersonal relationships than male students, while male students showed higher autonomy than female students. Gratitude disposition showed positive correlation with the interpersonal competence of college students. Also, gratitude disposition and interpersonal competence showed close positive correlation with psychological well-being. Stepwise regression analysis showed that gratitude disposition accounted for most variance of the psychological well-being of male students, and the additional accountabilities of initiating relationships and providing support showed significance. Initiating relationships accounted for most variance of the psychological well-being of female students, and the additional accountabilities of gratitude disposition and asserting displeasure with other actions showed significance. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that interpersonal competence partially mediated gratitude disposition and psychological well-being. The positive effects of gratitude disposition and interpersonal competence were discussed in relation to previous studies and theories, and the direction for further studies and clinical meaning of this study were recommended.