Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology

Abstract

Theoretical analyses were performed on the following three aspects of the triadic social situations : (1) The propositions that triadic situations will be perceived in terms of positivity and agreement factors and the dynamics of cognitive and affective responses to the triadic situations will be different were proposed. It was indicated that cognitive dynamics will be in the direction of the harmony of two psychological factors and affective dynamics will be summation of two factors and their interaction. (2) It was argued that cognitive theory of triadic situations should absolutely be predicated upon the P's perceptions of the relations and that P/X and O/X relations directly related to the perceptions of attitude similarity-dissimilarity. The proposition that important determinant of attitude similarity-dissimilarity perceptions will be coobtainable-co-unobtainable nature of the X was proposed. (3) The necessity of inclusions of multi-objects and multi-persons in the triadic situations for understanding of the interpersonal relations was indicated. The propositions that the strength of the P/O relations will be determined by the number and proportion of the agreements and that strength of the P/X relation will be determined by the positivity of the P/O relation and number of the agreements were proposed. It was emphasized that the importance of the object will determine the interpersonal processes and this cocept of importance include both breadth and depth dimensions of the interpersonal relations. It was also argued that the P/X relations will be unstable in the situations of negative other person.

Abstract

In this paper, some recent experimental researches which explored the factors or processes underlying the change of stereotypic belief from a cognitive perspective were reviewed. There was only one research(Weber & Crocker, 1983) which directly investigated the cognitive processes underlying the revision of stereotypic beliefs. As a result of this review, it was found that subjects' self-presentational concerns could solicit the equal opportunity strategy for gathering-evidence in stereotype-testing activities. Individuation of group members could reduce the influence of stereotype on our impression and judgment about individual group members. And Weber & Crocker(1983) explored the possibility that Bookkeeping model(e.g., Rothbart, 1981) and Subtyping model (e.g., Taylor, 1981) were to be applicable to the understanding of cognitive processes underlying the revision of stereotypic beliefs. It was suggested that sequences in the, processes of change of stereotypic beliefs be further explored. Such a sequence as "disconfirmatory evidences (or other relevant factors)-change in the perception of outgroup-homogeneity-change of stereotypic beliefs" was proposed as one of probable sequences.

Abstract

The paper is intended to review the traditional cognitive model of morality development from attributional perspective. The piagetian and/or Kohlberg's model has placed its principal focus on describing schematic change in moral judgement from the perspective of developmental stages. However, the model has relatively neglected the dynamic aspect of the moral judgement processes on micro-analytic level. Any moral judgement involves interpretational processes of the object behavior to be judged. It also can be assumed that the interpretation of behavior in moral judgement situation inevitably presupposes attributional processes. It is further reasoned that morality schema would develop in parallel with attributional development. This line of reasoning was substantiated in the paper by analyzing the traditional cognitive model from attributional perspective and further by conceptually relating kohlberg's model to developmental dimension of attribution theory. Finally, an experimental instruments for measuring attributional schema in relation to moral judgement situations were introduced.

Abstract

A 177-item questionnaire was administered to 600 Korean married adults, 300 in their twenties and 300 in their fifties or older, in a study designed to assess changes occurring in values, attitudes, and beliefs among Koreans over the span of past 30 years. The present report presents only the results from the 45 items that dealt more directly with values. An incidental sample of 50 were interviewed at their residence for each of the cells formed by a Sex (2) x Generation (2) x Education/Urban-Rural Residence (3) orthogonal design. Data were analyzed for (1) the current status of values as of 1979 and (2) evidence for epochal changes and the directions of such changes in the values studied. Of the items analyzed, 20 did not show any generational differences, but the remaining 25 did show generational differences between the adults in their twenties and those in their fifties or older. Significant inter-generation differences as well as significant main effects of the education-residence variable and interaction effects between the generation and education residence variables, indicated that 15 of the values covered underwent changes sometime in the past 30 years and that 14 other values did not go through any significant changes in the same span of time. The present study represent a first application of a methodology which permits determination of possible epochal changes in values, attitudes, and beliefs as well as their generational differences from synchronic (cross-sectional) as contrasted with diachronic data.

Abstract

A longitudinal study was performed within a framework of social penetration theory to understand the processes of same sex friendship formation and development. 71 junior college students who had successfully developed into intimate friendship completed questionnaires three times an newly developing friendship during 14 months after admission to the college. Questionnaires were consisted of self-reports of dyadic behaviors, self-disclosure exchanged in dyad relationship, and rating of attractiveness of the best friend. Results revealed that both diversity of interpersonal behaviors and intimacy level of self-disclosure were increased as the relationship progressed. But there was no significant change in attractiveness of the friend. It was also found that dyadic behaviors and intimacy levels of self-disclosure were good multiple predictors of attractiveness of the friend 7 months later. The results were interpreted as a supporting data for social penetration theory.

Abstract

Three experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that the intellectual traits and the affective traits would have differential effects in forming impression of other person as a function of the type of dependency on him/her and the impression-dimension. In Experiment I, 103 students evaluated 53 personality-trait-adjectives in terms of their value to be considered as important in forming impression of other person in information-dependent-situation and in effect-dependent-situation respectively. From this experiment, 23 intellectual traits, whose importance values in information-dependent-situation were higher than those in effect-dependent-situation, and 18 affective traits, whose importance values in two situations were vice versa from those of intellectual traits, were identified. In Experiment II, a stimulus person, consisted of 24 traits (12 intellectual traits and 12 affective traits), was presented with the schema to farm impression of him/her in information-dependent-situation or in effect-dependent-situation respectively. The main dependent variables were the amount of free recall, the recognition confidence and the SCR score (Bousfield & Bousfield, 1966) of each trait groups. From this experiment, the followings were found; (1) in forming impression of other with the information-dependent-situation schema, the intellectual traits were recalled more, recognized more confidently and their SCR scores were higher than the affective traits, and (2) in forming impression of him/her with the effect-dependent-situation schema, the affective traits were higher than the intellectual traits in all of the 3 dependent measures. In Experiment III, the same stimulus person of Experiment II was presented with the schema to form impression according to the good-bad dimension and the lake-dislike dimension respectively. As predicted, the intellectual traits were recalled more and their SCR scores were higher than the effective traits in the good-bad impression condition, and the amount of recall of the affective traits and their SCR scores in the like-dislike condition were higher than those of the intellectual traits. These results supported fully the hypothesis of this study. From these results, the following conclusion can be elicited: the author's (Cho, 1982a) dual-aspect model of person evaluation is justified in the study of person memory as well as in the study of impression formation (Cho, 1982a, b, 1983, 1984).

Abstract

Abstract

In this study, categorizing noneconomic rewards to internal and external, the effects of internal and external noneconomic rewards on the satisfaction with inequitable pay allocation were examined. Following four hyphothesis were tested; i) Internal rewards will reduce dissatisfaction with disadvantageous inequity pay allocation, ii) Internal rewards will not reduce dissatisfaction with advantageous inequity pay allocation, iii) External rewards will reduce dissatisfaction with advantageous inequity pay allocation, and, iv) External rewards will not reduce dissatisfaction with disadvantageous inequity pay allocation Additionally, it was examined the effects of equality and strength of inequity on the satisfaction with pay allocation in the context of equity, by manipulating both ratio of input and outcome of self and other. Supporting all hyphothesis, the results showed the predicted two way interactions of equity condition with internal and external noneconomic rewards in the two experiments respectively, and partial analysis of data showed that the satisfaction with equal allocation is greater than that with unequal allocation. The implications of the results were discussed in the context of equity theory and interpersonal relation, and some further researches were recommended.