Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.23 No.4
Abstract
Negative attitudes within a community have prevented people with mental illness from successful reintegration into their communities. In particular, the negative attitudes have caused lower rates of employment for people suffering from mental illness. The purpose of this research was to assess the attitudes of college students about employability (comparative employment) of people with mental disorders. In addition, school based education, and contact experience related to mental disorders were compared to the college students in the U.S. Data were collected via a web-based survey tool and a total of 475 students was used for a final data analysis. The findings of this study demonstrated that (1) Korean students showed more positive response toward appropriateness of competitive employment, whereas negative attitudes toward disadvantages of competitive employment than those of American students. (2) Korean students had lower rates of school-based education and contact frequency and negative contact feeling than counterparts. (3) Effective variables on employabilities were gender and contact feeling in Korean sample and social distance and contact feeling in American sample. Research findings would be useful in the workplace regarding interventions to reduce stigma toward people with mental illness. The interventions with personal contacts and positive public situations might positively influence a pont of views regarding people with mental disorders in workplace.
Abstract
The need to belong and social acceptance is the fundamental human need. The purpose of this studies aims at verifying whether social exclusion has a negative effect on perception of self-utility toward prosperity of kin who hold a genetic similitude in common. Social exclusion was divided into three sub-categories of isolation, contempt, and bullying exclusion. Expecially, social isolation would obstruct cooperation with peer, survival and reproduction of individual in group. So, it was assumed that isolation exclusion would be have a severe and stronger negative affect on self-utility toward kin than contempt and bullying exclusion. According to our research results, social exclusion was positively correlated with depressive mood, low self-esteem, and self-utility toward kin. Especially, Self-utility toward kin was most severe affected by isolation exclusion compared with contempt and bully exclusion. Also, using full mediational model and partial mediational model, mediational effect of depressive mood and self-esteem was investigated, but indirect effect through depressive mood and self-esteem was not significant, only direct effect of social exclusion on self-utility toward kin was significant. Lastly, from the evolutionary and sociopsychological view, this study's results, implications, limitations were interpreted and discussed.
Abstract
This study is to investigate the effect of the economic stress and career attitude maturity which are related to the youth unemployment on the hopelessness and mental health. Therefore, the aim of this study is to help someone who are struggling with the youth unemployment by giving them a help about their career guidance. A survey was conducted on 429 persons of the senior and graduate students who are preparing for the work. Over 90% of participants' data felt stressful because of employment and career. The results are as follows. First, the higher economic stress caused an increase in the hopelessness and psychological maladjustment. Second, the higher level in career attitude maturity decreased the level of the hopelessness and psychological maladjustment. Third, the interaction effect of the economic stress and career attitude maturity on the hopelessness and psychological maladjustment was studied. The group with higher economic stress and lower career attitude maturity showed the highest level of hopelessness and psychological maladjustment. Besides, this group showed the most difference all of the group. This result is consistent with those from each factor of economic stress and career attitude maturity, implying that the synergic effect of economic stress and career attitude maturity is statistically meaningful. However, this synergic effect of economic stress and career attitude maturity which affects hopelessness and mental health showed only in the group with lower career attitude maturity, not in the group with higher career attitude maturity. The result of this study shows that we need not only long-term and integrated policy about the youth unemployment but also more active career guidance and education instead of increasing short-term employment such as intern and part-time jobs.
Abstract
Self-deceptive enhancement(SDE) has been found to play a significant role in misleading research results. There also have been arguments on the psychometric validity of this construct. Two studies were conducted to examine whether SDE is measuring defensiveness distorting reality or positivity predicting psychological adaptiveness. In study 1, a questionnaire including self-report inventories on self-deceptive enhancement(BIDR-7; Paulhus, 1998a), defense mechanism, and adaptation index was administered to a group of 246 participants. The results showed substantial positive correlations between SDE and psychological adaptation index, which replicated previous results. However, the relationship between the SDE and adaptation(self-esteem) was moderated by defense mechanism(omnipotence). In study 2, in order to see if the SDE is related to distortion of reality, we compared two measures of self-enhancement: self-reported SDE vs. the discrepancy between self-rated and other-rated interpersonal problems(criterion-based self enhancement). A total of 105 pairs of respondents participated in study 2. The two measures of self enhancement were positively related. Self-reported SDE enhanced self perception of emotional capacity and interpersonal adaptation, but was not related to other perception of them. The result implies that people with high SDE evaluate themselves more highly in processing self-relevant information, positively distorting the reality. Also, the self-reported SDE reduced the negative psychological symptoms and improved self-esteem, while the criterion based self enhancement did not. The result also suggests that the self-reported SDE is related to defensiveness.
Abstract
This longitudinal study investigated Korean vocational high school students' experiencing disciplinary punishment over three years, incorporating individual and environmental characteristics and their perceptions of environment. We used the Korean Education and Employment Panel Study data (KEEPS: middle school 3rd-grade cohort's 2nd through 4th year data) and logit regression models. We investigated the relative effect of such variables as gender, school and home life satisfaction, status delinquencies (i.e., truancy, running-away, smoking, drinking alcohols) and home economic condition on the probability of vocational high school students' experiencing disciplinary punishment. Among the covariates, smoking was statistically significant and positively associated with experiencing disciplinary punishment at each time point, and its effect was largest during the sophomore year which was followed by that of 3rd and 1st year respectively. In the case of the 2nd year, the log-odds of experiencing punishment was lower with the students who were satisfied with their school life than those who were not. The effect of truancy was the largest among the variables in the model, but its effects appeared only during the 3rd year. In addition, in the case of the 3rd year, runaway, smoking were also associated moderately with the log-odds of experiencing punishment. Future directions for guidance related to vocational high school students' deviant behaviors and disciplinary punishment were discussed.
Abstract
Previous research has explored the domain of legal and educational prevention in regard of phenomena of accidents and injuries caused by drinking and driving. Most investigation of psychological factors attempt to distinguish characteristics of drunk drivers relative to the general driving populations. This study examined cognitive factors as a mediator between personality and drunk driving. Survey data from 174 convicted drunk drivers(single and multiple offenders) and 166 general drivers were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Two comparative models were proposed: full mediating model and partial mediating model. Result indicated that cognitive factors relevant to drunk driving fully mediated the relationship between personality and drunk driving and there is no significant difference between drunk drivers and general driving populations on supported structural model. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of cognitions and personality to improve short term cognitive interventions and long term counseling interventions.
Abstract
The present research is aimed at exploring the variables that are related to the concept of successful aging and examining the influence of death attitude on ego-integrity among the elders. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the influence of demographics, psychological adaptation indices , and death attitude on the concept of ego-integrity as a result of successful aging. Another purpose is to examine gender differences and aging effects in ego-integrity and death attitude among the elders. Using a sample of 408 elders over 65 years of age, the relationships among diverse variables and ego integrity concept were investigated. As the result, death attitude including death fear and death acceptance and the demographic variables including gender, age, health, and religiosity as well as the psychological adaptation indices including depression, state anxiety, suicidal tendency, and overall life satisfaction were the significant predictors on the concept of ego-integrity in the elderly. Findings from the present study indicate that women tend to report significantly higher death acceptance than men among the elders. Also, it was found that the old-old adults group showed significantly higher death acceptance than the young-old adults group. The major purpose of the present study was to compare the influences of demographics, psychological adaptation, and death attitude on the concept of ego integrity as a result of successful aging. Therefore, the mediating effects of those variables on ego-integrity were assessed by hierarchical regression analyses. The result supported the hypothesis concerning the superiority of death attitude as a significant predictor of ego-integrity in the elderly group. A number of limitations and implications of the present research were acknowledged and the suggestions for further research focusing on their practical importance on death education were discussed.
Abstract
Recent studies for the criminal profiling have focused on the relation between offenders' behaviors at a crime scene and offender characteristics. For Korean offenders, a study has been performed to search for the model to differentiate the homicide and rape offenders based on criminal acts at the crime scenes, but there were no research attempts to profile the characteristics of Korean arsons. The purpose of this study is finding the framework to understand Korean arsons based on the characteristics of crime scenes and criminal acts. To achieve this goal, actions at the crime scenes drawn from police data were analysed using MDS(N=127). The result did not support the model of the thematic classification proposed by earlier western research but revealed the existence of five themes among Korean arsons. Among these, two themes was dominant; expressive/instrumental actions. Finally, comparison between this model and earlier one was made.