바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

ACOMS+ 및 학술지 리포지터리 설명회

  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
 

logo

  • P-ISSN1229-0653
  • KCI

정보 요소들의 상호작용을 통해 살펴본 정치적 정보의 처리

Blind Commitment The Biased Processing of Political Information by Interaction of Information Source, its Recipients, and its Contents

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2012, v.26 no.4, pp.15-29
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2012.26.4.002
노혜경 (아주대학교)

초록

정치적 정보가 어떻게 처리되는가를 알아보기 위해 Lasswell(1948)의 정보의 4요소 모형과 Chaiken(1994, 1989)의 휴리스틱-체계적 모델을 사용하여 살펴보았다. 동일한 정책내용을 다양한 출처인 것으로 제시하였을 때 정보수신자의 정치적 선호에 의해 정책에 대한 찬성여부가 영향을 받는지를 조사하였다. 연구 결과 중립적 정책에 대해 참가자의 선호정당과 정보출처가 일치하는 경우 더 찬성하는 휴리스틱이 나타났고, 선호 정당이 없는 경우 중립적 정책의 찬성이 동일하게 나타났다. 또한 평소의 정치적 관심이 높고 태도가 확실한 경우 부분적으로 편향된 체계적 처리의 효과를 보여주었다. 정보출처에 대한 호감 평가에 있어서도 참가자의 선호정당과 정책출처가 일치하는 경우 더 높게 나타났다. 이 연구는 정치적 정보의 처리 및 정치적 의사결정 상황에서 휴리스틱이 작용하고 있음을 시사하고 있다.

keywords
정치적 의사결정, 태도와 태도변화, 휴리스틱-체계적 모델, 편파처리, 정보처리, political decision-making, political attitudes, heuristic-systematic model, biased information processing

Abstract

In contemporary society, the political topics, party policy, and other political informations are widely supplied through a variety of medias.. But people do not have the ability or motivation to handle a lot of information carefully. As a result, the selective information processing comes to occur, either intentionally or unintentionally. Therefore, specific informations are even more accepted by recipients and so they would affect much more their political decision-making (Iyengar & Simon, 2000). How do people deal with and evaluate the political informations? How are our political attitudes formed and maintained? What are the personal factors involved in the processing of political information? To answer these questions, we manipulated information source,information contents, and information recipients characteristics on the basis of Lasswell’s model of five major components. The findings show that under conditions to systematic processing, participants are more biased, and the direction of information processing depends on the characteristics of information sources and information recipients.

keywords
정치적 의사결정, 태도와 태도변화, 휴리스틱-체계적 모델, 편파처리, 정보처리, political decision-making, political attitudes, heuristic-systematic model, biased information processing

참고문헌

1.

나은영 (1999). 3수준 태도변화 이론의 검증: 태도 강도에 따른 내외집단 전달자와 메시지 강도의 효과.한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 13(1), 65-90.

2.

서경원, 김혜숙 (2008). 검은 양 효과: 이탈정도의 영향과 내집단 이미지우려의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 연차학술발표대회 논문집, 단일호, 238-239.

3.

Abrams, D., Hogg, M. A., & Marques, J. M. (2005). A social psychological framework for understanding social inclusion and exclusion. In D. Abrams, M. A. Hogg, & J. M. Marques (Eds.), The social psychology of inclusion and exclusion, 1-23.

4.

Bohner, G., Chaiken, S., & Hunyadi, P. (1994). The role of mood and message ambiguity in the interplay of heuristic and systematic processing. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 207–221.

5.

Bohner, G., Moskowitz, G. B., & Chaiken, S. (1995). The interplay of heuristic and systematic processing of social information. In W. Stroebe, & M. Hewstone (eds.), European Review of Social Psychology, 6, 33-68.

6.

Bohner, G., Ruder, M., & Erb, H. P. (2002). When expertise backfires: Contrast and assimilation effects in persuasion, British Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 495-519.

7.

Boudreau, C. (2009). Closing the Gap: When do cues eliminate differences between sophisticated and unsophisticated citizens?” Journal of Politics, 71, 964-976.

8.

Chaiken, S. (1980). Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 752-66.

9.

Chaiken, S., Liberman, A., & Eagly, A. H. (1989). Heuristic and systematic processing within and beyond the persuation context. In J. S. Uleman, & Ja. A. Bargh (eds.), Unintended thought, New York: Guilford Press, 212-252.

10.

Chaiken, S. & Maheswaran, D. (1994). Heuristic processing can bias systematic processing: Effects of source credibility, argument ambiguity, and task importance on attitude judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 460-473.

11.

Chen, S., & Chaiken, S. (1999). The heuristic-ststematic model in its broader context. In S. Chaiken, & Y. Trope (eds.), Dual-process theories in social psychology, New York: Guilford, 73-96.

12.

Chen, S., Duckworth, K., & Chaiken, S. (1999). Motivated Heuristic and Systematic Processing, Psychological Inquiry, 10, 44-49.

13.

Cohen, G. L. (2003). Party over policy: The domnating impact of group influence on political beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 808-822.

14.

Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

15.

Erb, H. P., Bohner, G., Schmaelzle, K. & Rank, S. (1998). Beyond conflict and discrepancy: Cognitive bias in minority and majority influence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 620-633.

16.

Fleming, M. A. & Petty, R. E. (2000). Identity and persuation: An elaboration likelihood approach. In D. J. Terry & M. A. Hogg (eds.), Attitudes, Behavior, and Social Context: The Role of Norms and Group Membership, Mahwah, JJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 171-199.

17.

Giner-Sorolla, R., & Cahiken, S. (1997). Selective use of heuristic and systematic processing under defense motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 84-97.

18.

Hovland, C. I.(1959). Reconciling conflicting results derived from experimental and survey studies of attitude change. American Psychologist, 14, 8-17.

19.

Iyengar, S. & Simon, A. (2000). New perspectives and evidence on political communication and campaign effect. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 149-169.

20.

Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., &Suuloway, F. J. (2003). Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition, Psychological Bulletin, 129, 339-375.

21.

Kam, C. D. (2005). Who toes the party line? Cues, Values, and Individual Differences, Political Behavior, 27, 163-182.

22.

Klapper, J. T.(1960). The effects of mass communications. Glencoe, II.: Free Press.

23.

Lasswell, H. D. (1948). The structure and function of communication in society. In L. Bryson (ed.), The communication of ideas: Religion and civilization series. New York: Harper & Row. 37-51.

24.

Lau, R. R. & Redlawsk, D. P. (2001). Advantages and Disadvantages of Cognitive Heuristics in Political Decision Making, American Journal of Political Science, 45, 951-971.

25.

Mackie, D. M. (1986). Social identification effects in group polarization, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 720-728.

26.

Margues, J., Abrams, D., & Serodio, R. G. (2001). Being better by being right: Subjective group dynamics and derogation of in-group deviants when generic norms are undermined. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 436-447.

27.

McGuire, W. J.(2001). After a half century of election studies: Whence, where, and whither? In: E. Katz & Y. Warshel (Eds.), Election studies: What’s their use?, New York: Westview, 15-57.

28.

McGuire, W. J.(1986). The myth of massive media impact: Savagings and salvagings. Public Communication and Behavior, 1, 175-259.

29.

McGuire, W. J.(1985). Attitudes and attitude change. In. G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.). Handbook of social psychology, Vol. 2, 233-246.

30.

Mondak, J. (1993). Source cues and policy approval: The cognitive dynamics of public support for the Reagan agenda. American Journal of Political Science, 37, 186-212.

31.

Ottari, V. C., Wyer, R. S., Deiger, M., & Houston, D. (2002). The Psychological Determinants of Candidate Evaluation and Voting Preference, In: V., C., Ottari, R. C. Tindale, J. Edwards, F. B. Bryant, L. Health, D. C. O’Connell, Y. Suarez-Balzacar, & E. J. Posavac(Eds.), The Social Psychology of Politics, 3-28.

32.

Page, B. I. & Shapiro, R. Y. (1992). The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans’ Policy Preferences, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

33.

Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. New York: Springer.

34.

Tajfel, H., Billig, M. B., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social Categorization and intergroup behavior, European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 149-178.

35.

Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In: W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations, Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole, 33-47.

36.

Tetlock, P. E. (1991). An alternative metaphor in the study of judgement and choice: People as politicians. Theory and Psychology, 1, 451-477.

37.

Tetlock, P. E. (1983). Cognitive style and political ideology, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 118-126.

38.

Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). (Eds.), Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Blackwell.

39.

Turner, J. C. & Reynolds, K. J. (2001). The social identity perspective in intergroup relations: Theories, themes, and controversies. In R. Brown & S. Gaertner (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of social psychology: intergroup processes, Malden, MA: Blackwell, 133-152.

40.

Zaller, J. (1996). The myth of massive media impact revived: New support for a discredited idea. In D. C. Mutz, P. M. Sniderman, & R. A. Brody (Eds.), Political persuasion and attitude change, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press., 17-78.

41.

Ziegler, R. & Diehl, M. (2003). Is politician A or politician B more persuasive? recipients’ source preference and the direction of biased message processing, European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 623-637.

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격