Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.29 No.4
Abstract
This study investigated the validity evidences of the Korean Inventory of Sexual Deviations to predict the recidivism of juvenile sex offenders. For this purpose, the data were collected from 104 incarcerated juvenile sex offenders, 135 incarcerated juvenile non-sex offenders, and 57 non-offender juveniles from general educational institutions. The only significant difference among groups was found on the sadism subscale when criterion groups were compared based on the name of present offences; juvenile non-sex offenders obtained higher mean score than that of the other two groups. Next, criterion groups were re-categorized based on the record of sex offences. Analysis of variance produced interpretable results that juvenile sex offenders with recidivism obtained higher scores than other two correspondents on the most paraphilia subscales except cognitive distortion and voyeurism. Finally, the analyses of linear and logistic regression presented pedophilia and sexual sadism would be the most significant predictors of recidivism of juvenile sex offenders.
Abstract
This research examined whether right midfrontal cortical asymmetry might be associated with empathic traits and reactions. Experimental participants completed interpersonal reactivity index(IRI) to measure empathic traits. Resting EEGs were recorded to measure frontal cotical asymmetry. During presenting pictures or cartoons of hands that were in painful or neutral situation, event-related brain potentials(ERPs) were recorded from participants who performed a pain judgement task that required attention to pain cues in the stimuli or a hand counting task that withdraw their attention from these cues. Relative to left midfrontal activation group, right midfrontal activation group showed higher empathic concern and personal distress and rated the painful picture stimuli as the highest painful ones. In rating pain intensity of painful picture stimuli, right midfrontal asymmetry induced increased P300 and LPP(late positive potentials) than left frontal activation did. These results supported the hypothesis that right frontal EEG asymmetry might be a predictor of empathic traits and empathic reactions in painful situation. This study suggests that right bias in frontal cortical activation may contribute to desirable interpersonal abilities for social communication of emotion through facilitating sensitivity towards the suffering of others.
Abstract
The present research investigated empirically different attitude in implicit level between the priming of weness and of individuality. Using Implicit association test, we measured changes in the implicit attitude (distance measured by reaction time) before and after (repeated measures) priming weness or individuality (between group variable) in Experiment 1. It was found that the psychological distance was not changed in the individuality primed condition but was reduced in the weness primed condition. In Experiment 2, we used Single target IAT to disentangle the potential confounding effect in the original IAT. It was found that the neutral attitude before the priming was changed in negative direction after individuality priming but in positive direction after weness priming. The results of present study demonstrated implicit dynamic of attitude change as a result of weness priming. This indicates that the interpersonal distance is reduced in the weness mode of relationship in contrast to the mode of individuality, providing experimental support to cultural psychology of preferring we over I among Korean people.
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between relative extrinsic value, that is the relative importance to extrinsic values (such as money, physical appearance, and other's approval) compared with intrinsic values (such as interpersonal relationship and health), and subjective well-being. The results are as follows. Firstly, Korean university students were more focused on extrinsic values and less concerned with intrinsic values than U.S. counterparts (Study1). Secondly, relative extrinsic values explained both national (Study1) and individual (Study2) differences of subjective well-being. Finally, path models demonstrated that relative extrinsic values had an indirect effect on the subjective well-being through social support and social comparison (Study1 and Study2). These findings indicate that values one pursuits have an important role in subjective well-being and this relationship is mediated by social support and social comparison.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional arousal on lie detection with nonverbal behaviors. Lie (n=22) and truth (n=23) groups were performed group’s mission and then were interviewed with question (crime irrelevant, crime relevant) about the mission recording the emotional and cognitive cue with two cameras. The frequency of four cognitive cues and seven emotional cues were coded by two trained coders. The results revealed that lie group showed more cognitive load cue in crime-relevant question than crime irrelevant question while truth group did not show the differences between two question type for cognitive cue. Emotional cue were shown more in crime relevant question than crime irrelevant question regardless of the groups and there were no differences between the groups by question type. Classification rate based on emotional cue and cognitive cue showed that classification rate of cognitive cue was higher than the one of emotional cue (cognitive cue: 82.20, emotional cue: 57.20). This study imply cognitive load approach might have more advantage of classify liar and truth teller.
Abstract
Political attitudes, typically discussed in terms of liberal and conservative, are an important factor in candidate choice in elections. Recently, research has been documenting that basic psychological characteristics can influence formation of political attitudes. In this study, we hypothesized and tested a path model in which three sets of intraindividual psychological factors of basic personal values, moral foundations, and personality traits (conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience) can impact political attitudes, and in turn, candidate choice in an election. We measured and compared psychological characteristics of supporters of conservative and liberal candidates in the 18th Korean presidential election. We recruited 300 participants (152 female) employing quota sampling for regions, who participated via the internet before the 2012 election. Various facets of political attitudes were measured, including the unidimensional constuct of ideological orientation, stances on social issues specific to the Korean political context, and degrees of system justification. The results showed that supporters of the two major presidential candidates differed on such personal value dimensions as power, security, achievement, and tradition, as well as political attitudes of ideological orientation, positions on North Korea, the economy, the environment, and system justification. Finally, mediation effects from basic personal values to political judgment through political attitudes were identified. We were able to demonstrate both universality and specificity in psychological characteristics involved in political judgments.
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of inequality frames on academic engagement of the migrated North Korean adolescents. We also examined whether the perception of injustice or identity threat mediated the effect of inequality frames on attitudes toward academic work. In Study 1 we compared the perceived importance of and motivation for study of the migrated North Korean adolescent students with that of South Korean students through a questionnaire survey. The results demonstrated that the migrated North Korean adolescents indeed perceived lower level of importance of and motivation for academic work than South Korean adolescents. The results of Study 1 also showed that as expected, motivation for study of migrated North Korean students decreased as they perceived a higher level of injustice in educational systems of Korea. On the other hand, importance of study increased as they perceived a higher level of injustice.. In Study 2 we manipulated three types of inequality framing (that is, the present academic inequality between the two groups of students was framed as South Korean students’ advantage vs. as North Korean migrant students’ disadvantage vs. no frame control) and investigated whether the academic engagement of the migrated North Korean students differed in terms of the inequality frames. The results demonstrated that as expected, compared to the inequality frame in terms of North Korean students disadvantage and the control condition, the frame in terms of South Korean advantage made the North Korean students perceive higher level of importance of academic work. In addition, we found the mediation effect of the perception of injustice in educational systems for this framing effect on the perception of the importance of academic work. In the case of motivation for academic work, as expected, compared to the inequality frame in terms of North Korean students disadvantage, the frame in terms of South Korean advantage made the migrated North Korean adolescents tend to report higher academic motivation. However, we did not find the mediation effect of the perception of injustice nor the identity threats on motivation for academic work. We discussed theoretical and practical implications of these findings.