Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.30 No.3
Abstract
This research tested the reliability and validity of The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) - which is based on ‘Pathological personality traits’, the core criterion of DSM-5 Section Ⅲ personality disorder - after translating it into Korean language. The test comprises of 5 domains - negative affect, attachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism - and each domain comprises of 25 detailed facets, and there are total 220 questions (219 in the Korean version).To 607 adults over the age of 18, along with the Korean version of PID-5, the Korean Personality Disorders Test and PSY-5 were conducted. Descriptive statistic analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis were conducted with collected data. As the result of analyses, first, the Korean PID-5 showed appropriate levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Secondly, reviewing the factor structure, the facets of negative affect domains, attachment domains and psychoticism domains were identical to the factor structure of the original. However, the facets of antagonism domains and disinhibition domains were difference to the factor structure of the original. Thirdly, the Korean version’s PID-5 facet showed positive correlation to each personality disorder’s core personality traits. Fourth, the Korean version’s PID-5 facet showed relatively positive correlation with the PSY-5’s related scales. The results above show that, although there are partial differences to the results of preceding overseas research, the PID-5 is measuring the important characteristics of various personality disorders in this country relatively well, and shows the possibility of becoming a tool for evaluating DSM-5 Section Ⅲ personality disorders.
Abstract
What characteristics of grit allow people to pursue long-term goals even in the face of failures and setbacks? This study, by examining changes of negative feedback response on grit, explored the characteristics of grit. We hypothesized that emotional responses to negative feedback would be different as a function of grit and this difference would be greater as time elapses. In order to explore changes of feedback response over time, we measured emotional responses to negative feedback in two different time frames, one immediately after providing the feedback (Time 1) and the other when recalling the feedback (Time 2). When previous emotion level and confounding variables were controlled for, the results of hierarchical analysis showed that grit predicted emotion level at Time 2 with statistical significance. The results showed that people high in grit effectively reduced their negative emotion level and increased positive emotion level when they recalled the negative feedback (T2). Even when given the same negative feedback, people high in grit tend to react more positively to negative feedback than people low in grit as time elapses. This implies that people reacted to negative events differently according to their grit level. The results of this study suggest that grit acts as a buffer against negative feedback.
Abstract
The moral foundations questionnaire developed based on the moral foundations theory (Haidt & Joseph, 2004) was validated in the western culture. However, it is equivocal wether the foundations are applicable in Korean culture since the moral foundations vary across cultures. Therefore, this study, undertaken with Korean adults (N = 327, Mage = 35.83), validated the moral foundations questionnaire using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The results of factor analyses yielded a 11-item questionnaire with three factors (respecting group norms, harm/care, and fairness/reciprocity) compared to five factors (harm/care, fairness/reciprocity, authority/respect, in-group/loyalty, and purity/sanctity) of original version. The results of correlation analyses, with measures of value orientations and political inclination, partially supported both the convergent and criterion-related validities of the Korean moral foundations questionnaire. Based on this results, the implications and limitations were discussed.
Abstract
Witnesses’ statement is one of the most important sources of information in the investigation of crimes. In order to obtain the most informative and correct statement, witnesses should be interviewed as soon as possible after the incident. However, all too often this is not achieved, largely due to demands on police resources and times. Therefore, the memory of the witness may not be perfectly preserved due to its forgetting or distortions by time delay. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to narrow down the time between the event and the actual interview. Thus, it is better to develop a tool to collect the accurate information from witnesses speedily with the less police resource. By this reason, SAI(Self-Administered Interview) has been developed and now in use. The present study is to look into SAI and to find out if it is effective on the witness to recall the event accurately. In order to explore the changes of the information quality and quantity, SAI or Standard Police Questionnaire was conducted to 235 university freshmen in Kangwon province right after watching a violent video clip and conducted again one week later. The result showed that the group who was conducted SAI maintained the accurate information even one week after the event than the group who was conducted Standard Police Questionnaire. We further discussed the practical implications of the present findings.
Abstract
The present study aims to test whether the coherence of a juror’s mental model of a case is a function of the decisional phase (pre- or post-decision) in which inconsistent evidence is presented. Based on psychological and neurological theories of decision-making, it was hypothesized that inconsistent information could cause a shift in juror's verdict preference more often when the information is presented after the decision is almost shaped than when it is presented while the decision is still shaping. With an actual criminal case in which the evidence was generally skewed toward the guilty verdict, three hundred collage students established an initial verdict preference and rated the likelihood of guilt of the defendant after reading a description of the facts and the first two pieces of strongly incriminating evidence. Participants then read the rest of the evidence, and decided on a final verdict and re-rated the likelihood of guilt. One of the two types of inconsistent evidence, one weakening the prosecution's case and the other supporting the defense's case, was presented either soon after the initial verdict preference was made or just before the final verdict was made. The initial guilty preference shifted in the final verdict more often, and the rated likelihood of guilt decreased more with the late presentation than with the early presentation of the inconsistent evidence. Implications for juror's decision-making in court are discussed.
Abstract
The trait optimism has been studied extensively and found to be linked to a host of positive life outcomes. Across previous studies, optimism has been found to be positively correlated with subjective well-being. Based on these correlational data, researchers have suggested that optimism increases subjective well-being, without empirically ruling out the possibility that subjective well-being predicts optimism. This possibility needs to be empirically tested considering the recent study findings that psychological well-being has a positive influence in various life domains such as achievement and relationship. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the bidirectional causal relationship between optimism and subjective well-being at trait level by analyzing the yearly longitudinal data set of Korean undergraduate students (N = 270) across three time points. The results from the autoregressive cross-lagged model showed that previous optimism predicted subsequent subjective well-being positively, whereas previous subjective well-being did not predict subsequent optimism. The theoretical and practical implications of the present results are discussed.