Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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- P-ISSN1229-0653
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.33 No.3
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that multicultural experiences can generate beneficial outcomes such as reduced intergroup biases. However, those effects of diverse experiences were largely limited to diverse experiences involving foreign cultures such as living abroad. We proposed that diverse experiences would still be associated with positive attitudes toward outgroup even when the nature of the experiences is not related to foreign cultures. We also suggested that the relation between diverse experiences and positive attitudes would be mediated by cognitive flexibility. Result of study 1 revealed that participants who were asked to think about interactions with classmates with other majors than their own showed more favorable attitudes toward a negatively stereotyped group in Korea (i.e., Southeast Asians) than those who were asked to think about interactions with classmates with the same major. In study 2, we showed that broadly defined diverse experiences were associated with positive attitudes toward Southeast Asians. Moreover, this association was mediated by cognitive flexibility. Finally, these relations persisted even when controlling for foreign-related variables, such as living abroad and experience to contact outgroup member. Taken together, the results suggest that those with diverse experiences may become cognitively flexible and overcome intergroup biases regardless of how much they have experiences relating to foreign cultures.
Abstract
The current research aimed to explore whether and how happiness varied. While previous studies mainly focused on either the stability of happiness or the variability of happiness, we took into account the possibility that there might be differences in the patterns of variability in happiness and investigated whether happiness varied in different patterns among different people. To this end, we conducted a series of latent class growth modeling analyses with longitudinal data collected from undergraduates for three years (N = 219). The results showed that there were three different subgroups in terms of patterns of happiness change: increasing vs. stable vs. decreasing. Subsequently, the results of logistic regression analyses indicated that a few demographic variables (i.e., age and major) and Big Five traits (i.e., extroversion, emotional stability, and conscientiousness) could predict the patterns of happiness change. We discussed the implications and limitations of the current research.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the characteristic of grit related to long-term goal. Despite grit is defined as perseverance and passion for a long-term goal, little is known about the relationship between grit and long-term goal. Therefore, based on the theory of future time perspective, which explains the subjective temporal perception that perceives close to or far from reaching future goals could motivate the present behavior, we aimed to identify gritty people would objectively pursue further distant goals from the present, and feel more psychologically closer to the long-term goals. We also investigated how conscientiousness, which is considered a similar concept as grit, differs from grit in long-term goal setting and perception. 120 university students were asked to draw a line to a point when they would achieve their long-term goal in their life span and write down the age of that point in their life. The result showed that grit was a still significant indicator of objective distance and psychological distance to the long-term goals even when conscientiousness was controlled. However, conscientiousness was not associated with all of the time perception to the long-term goals. These findings support the result of the literatures, which argues that grit is a distinct concept from conscientiousness in pursuing long-term goals, and have the implication that we verified the characteristics of grit known to achieve long-term goals in terms of time perception.