To differentiate the predictors of monitoring behavior about what they eat and purging behavior of what they ate, Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB) and modified Bentler-Speckart Model(modified BSM) were applied to eating behaviors at the sample of 130 female students of a university of United States. eating monitoring was defined and measured as watching what one eat and monitoring the nutritional content, and eating disorder behavior was defined and measured as purging, vomiting, using a laxative. The factorial structure of seven measures of eating behaviors which was assumed to be composed of two dimensions was tested. Also, predictive powers of precedents were tested by Structural Equation Modeling. The main results were as follows. First, eating monitoring and eating disorder behavior were independent and different dimensions. Second, as far as eating monitoring concerned, the model fits of Theory of planned behavior(TPB) and modified Bentler-Speckart model were satisfactory. Also, almost all of the path coefficients were significant except for the path from subjective norm to intention, from perceived behavioral control to present behavior in TPB and from intention to present behavior in modified BSM. Third, as far as eating disorder behavior concerned, the model fits of modified BSM was better than those of TPB. Finally, the limitations of this study and the implications for future studies were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Korean Version of the Game Addiction/Engagement Scale (K-GAES) for adults. The scale was based on the 29-item Asheron's Call-specific Addiction-Engagement Questionnaire (Charlton & Danforth, 2007). The K-GAES was administrated to 119 undergraduates and 31 people in game rooms. The internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was .89. Factor analysis explained 34.4% of variants extract 2 factors. Each factors labeled ‘addiction’, ‘engagement’. The criterion-related validity of the K-GAES was analyzed with the Korean Internet Addiction Scale and Internet Game Addiction Diagnostic Scale. These two scales showed a significant correlation with the K-GAES ‘addiction’ factor, but not with the ‘engagement’ factor. The ‘engagement’ factor might not be measured by these two scales. In conclusion, the K-GAES appears to be a highly reliable and valid measure of adult internet game addiction.
We conducted the comparative study of the treatment effects between parent training program(PTP) combined cognitive behavioral social skill training(SST) and PTP non-combined SST on self-concept and behaviors of children with ADHD. 21 children with ADHD were recruited for the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: combined treatment group(n=8; PTP+SST) or non-combined group(n=13 ; SST). Conner's Parent Rating Scale(CPRS), Conner's Teacher Rating Scale(CTRS), Social Skill Rating System, and Piers-Harris‘ self-concept scale for children were used for objectively measuring the treatment effects between groups. The data were analyzed by 2(noncombined treatment group/combined treatment group: between subject variable)×2(pre/post treatment programs : within subject variable) repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed that the combined treatment programs significantly reduced inattentiveness and impulsivity, and significantly improved self-insistence, sense of responsibility in social skill. This study supported that parenting skill enhancing combined treatment programs improve not only ADHD symptoms but also social behaviors in children with ADHD
This research studied the effect in the work domain of psychological acceptance construct which is practiced as new cognitive behavior therapy, coming up to job burnout that is kind of stress. Using 16 items of acceptance and action questionnaire(AAQ) that Bond & Bunce(2003) developed to apply to normal workers in organization, this research was operated with 390 workers of Korean companies and official institutes. First of all, after examining whether Big Five affect burnout, like previous studies, neuroticism, conscientiousness and extraversion were predicting burnout significantly. Next, results indicated that besides Big 5's affecting burnout, psychological acceptance predicted job burnout additionally, and 3 sub-factors of burnout were also predicted significantly. Especially, willingness to experience which is one sub-factor of psychological acceptance explained emotional exhaustion and professional efficacy significantly, and goal-driven action which is the other sub-factor of psychological acceptance explained cynicism and also professional efficacy significantly. Lastly, analyzing moderating effect of Big Five and psychological acceptance to job burnout, conscientiousness and extraversion showed moderating effect with acceptance significantly , but with neuroticism there was only additional explanation without moderating effect.
The purpose of this study were to investigate relationship of the empathy and personality traits - authoritarianism, altruism, humor, sublimation, suppression, denial, extraversion, neuroticism, impulsiveness, novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, self directedness, cooperativeness, and self transcendent - and to examine the sexual differences. Male 64, female 52 were participated. Empathy, reward dependence, cooperativeness were significantly differed by sex. But authoritarianism, altruism, humor, sublimation, suppression, denial, extraversion, neuroticism, impulsiveness, novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and self directedness were not differed by sex. In regression analysis, reward dependence, denial, sublimation, extraversion, harm avoidance, cooperativeness, authoritarianism had significant effected to empathy. In male, denial, cooperativeness, harm avoidance, authoritarianism and in female, altruism, extraversion, denial are predictable variables of empathy. Finally, the discussion and limitation of this study and suggestion for future study were included.
This study examined the role of stress coping and hardiness in the relation between depression and delinquency through mediate and moderate modeling. To identify the effects, sample of 351 middle and high school students (141 middle and 210 high) completed Delinquency Scale, CES-D-K, Coping Scale(Lazarus & Folkman) and Health Related Hardiness Scale(HRHS). The results were as follow: First, there was a comorbidity between depression and delinquency. Second, it was assumed that depression would be mediated with delinquency by coping and moderate with delinquency by hardiness. Third, multi group analysis showed there was a discrepancy between early and late adolescents on hardiness functioning. This findings suggest that the system of graduated treatment might be effective for delinquent adolescents. Finally, limitations are discussed in the contexts of gender, skewed self report and environment variables of delinquency.
The present study examines the relation of spiritual well-being to social anxiety among high school students, in order to provide useful implications for psychologists or health practitioners who are involved with the intervention of the social anxiety. The participants were 496 Korean high school students (239 males and 257 females) whose ages ranged from 14 to 18 (M=15.97, SD=.83). The psychological tests used in this research included the following: the Korean version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A). Korean Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents, Jerusalem & Schwarzer's General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results indicated that female students or students who belong to the religious groups showed higher spiritual well-being than male students or students who do not belong to the religious groups. Students who showed lower level of spiritual well-being are likely to have higher social anxiety, in both interpersonal anxiety and performance anxiety, than those who showed moderate or higher level of spiritual well-being. Although religious well-being has negative relation to performance anxiety, especially existential well-being have very significant negative relations to both interpersonal anxiety and performance anxiety. Step-wise regression analyses revealed that existential well-being, self-efficacy, and trait anxiety are significant independent predictors of both interpersonal anxiety and performance anxiety, and existential well-being accounted for the most variance, approximately 10%, of performance anxiety. These findings suggest biopsychsocialspiritual model to understand mental health or social adjustment appropriately, and to be concerned about clients' religiosity and spiritual well-being as a health practitioner.
The aim of this study was to examine the clinical efficacy of the Korean Dementia Rating Scale(K-DRS) as a diagnostic tool for dementia alzheimer type(DAT). The participants were 20 patients with DAT and 54 health control(HC) who were sampled in Seoul. Age and education levels of DAT group were comparable to HC group. The result of K-DRS score revealed significant mean difference between DAT and HC in total score and memory, executive function, conceptualization and attention subscales. Two groups divided by cutoff scores of K-DRS manual with 35% sensitivity and 98.1% specificity. Sensitivity and specificity increased up to 85% and 98.1% respectively, when we divided two groups by a logistic regression equation. These results suggest that the K-DRS has clinical utility in the diagnosis for dementia of Alzheimer type.
Sleep is one of the major factors affecting psychological adjustment and academic performance in college students. Sleep/wakefulness and other physiological functions such as body temperature, various hormonal levels show periodic fluctuations with a cycle of approximately 24 hours, so called 'circadian rhythms'. And, there are individual differences in the degree of coordination between the circadian sleep rhythm and the environmental clock. This circadian sleep phase preference is usually called "morningness(larks)/eveningness(owls)". The present study explored the relationship between circadian sleep phase preference and psychological/academic adjustment in college students. The 'morning type' group and 'evening type' group were defined by the top 5% and the bottom 5% on the "Composite scale of morningness"(Smith, Reilly & Midkiff, 1989), and the 2 groups were compared on the various adjustment measures of college life. The results showed that the evening type group's bedtime/wake-up time were significantly later than the moring type group's, and sleep latency was longer in the evening group while there was no difference in the sleep length between the two groups. And, the evening group showed impairment on sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), psychological adjustment (College Maladjustment Scale, Behavioral Health Questionnaire-20) and also on academic performance (Grade Point Average). The evening group's impairment was discussed in terms of the discrepancies between their circadian clock and social/environmental clock. It seems imperative to give relevant education on sleep hygiene to students from the beginning of college life and helpful personal guidances (such as special program on restructuring sleep habits) to students of extreme 'eveningness'.
Premenstrual syndrome(PMS) is characterized by psychological and/or physical symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. PMS affects a large segment of women of reproductive age and its social economical cost is high. Women with this problem rarely obtain appropriate professional help due to their and others' around them including their health professionals' lack of understanding and concern on PMS. The primary goal of this paper is to help professionals in the field of PMS, that are clinics, community health center, hospitals, etc., understand the etiology and clinical pictures of PMS and offer its treatment. A comprehensive treatment plan which focuses on cognitive behavioral treatment that encourages a healthy lifestyle and change in cognition of menstrual symptoms and helps develop appropriate ways to cope with the obstacles, frustrations and discomforts of daily life may relieve symptoms in most women. The application of cognitive behavioral treatment was discussed and the details of cognitive behavioral techniques were explained and illustrated by examples. Lastly, current controversial issues were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to develop the reliable and valid korean version of the Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale(CRTES/ Jones, 1996). First, the factor structure, reliability, item property are analyzed for 829 children with traumatic experience. Second, criterion-related evidence of validity are investigated. The Korean version of the Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale, in a similar way as the original version, displays a stable two factor structure and good internal consistency(.83 for the Intrusion Subscale, .68 for the Avoidance subscale, and .83 for the total scale), showing good convergent validity.
The purpose of this study was to develop the reliable and valid korean version of the Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale(CRTES/ Jones, 1996). First, the factor structure, reliability, item property are analyzed for 829 children with traumatic experience. Second, criterion-related evidence of validity are investigated. The Korean version of the Child's Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale, in a similar way as the original version, displays a stable two factor structure and good internal consistency(.83 for the Intrusion subscale, .68 for the Avoidance subscale, and .83 for the total scale), showing good convergent validity.