Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
Vol.19 No.1
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship among elements included in views of life and death in young adulthood. On the assumption that one's afterlife views and attitudes toward death influence life respect will, such as suicide inhibition, abortion inhibition and organ donation intention, the present investigation tried to construct a model on views of life and death. A hypothetical covariance structure model on views of life and death was tested. Participants were 456 university students. The results may be summarized as follows: First, in regard to the determinants of suicide inhibition, belief in afterlife and retribution was found to have facilitatory influence on suicide inhibition, and belief in souls' effects and transmigration, positive meaning of death and death awareness were found to have inhibitory influence. Second, in regard to the determinants of abortion inhibition, belief in afterlife and retribution was found to have facilitatory influence on abortion inhibition. and belief in souls' effects and transmigration, negative meaning of death were found to have inhibitory influence. Third, in regard to the determinants of organ donation intention, belief in afterlife and retribution, positive meaning of death and death awareness were found to have facilitatory influence on donation intention, and belief in souls' effects and transmigration was found to have inhibitory influence. In conclusion, the present study contributed to enhance our understanding of view of life and death in young adulthood by constructing a structural model of views of life and death including afterlife views, meanings of death, death anxiety, death concern and life respect will.
Abstract
It can be argued the Internet has opened up a new frontier for social interaction. Nowadays, many people have constant social relationship and exchange social supports in on-line community. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of the social support on the member's community involvement and identification in online community. Also we supposed social support in online community would influence on perceived stress and self-esteem. Respondents complete a questionnaire on perceived social support in online and off-line relationships, community involvement, community identification, self-esteem, and perceived stress. The results of the on-line survey analysis verify that there are differences between social supports in on-line and off-line relationships. All types of social supports influence on community involvement and identification and enhance self-esteem. And self-esteem effect on perceived stress. This analysis leads to the conclusion that social support in on-line community could influence on daily life and mental health of community members
Abstract
In this study, three experiments were performed to investigate the asymmetry in similarity judgment between self and others in terms of the differences in cultural dispositions. The Korean college students were devided into two groups (idiocentrics and allocentrics) and instructed to judge their own similarities in various attitudes, opinions and preferences with their friends' and their friends' similarities in these aspects with theirs. As expected, idiocentrics judged that their friends are more similar with them than they themselves are similar with their friends; on the other hand, allocentrics judged that they themselves are more similar with their friends than their friends are similar with them. These facts implicate that for idiocentrics they themselves are the frame of reference in self-other similarity judgement; in contrast, for allocentrics others are the frame of reference in self-other similarity judgement.
Abstract
The present study were to examine marriage couple's reciprocity of self-esteem, communication patterns, conflict coping behaviors, and marital satisfaction, and to examine the effects of self-esteem, communication patterns, conflict coping behaviors on their marital satisfaction. According to Kenny's Actor and Partner Interdependence Model(APIM, 1996), there are two effects in dyadic data. One of them is actor effect(the impact a persons aspect or behavior has on his or her own outcome) and another is partner effect(the impact a persons aspect or behavior has on his or her partner's outcome). We did separately calculate two effects from 120 marriage couples' data. Participants were given a series of questionnaires to examine each of couple's self-esteem, communication patterns, conflict coping behaviors, and marital satisfaction. The first major result is that there was no or weak evidence in the reciprocity of the couples' self-esteem and conflict coping behavior, but couples' reciprocity in the communication patterns and marital satisfaction were very high. Second, husband's and wife's self-esteem affected not only self's but also spouse's marital satisfaction. Also, husband's and wife's constructive communication, criticism, and escaping communication affected not only on self's but also on spouse's marital satisfaction. Over all, effect size of actor is bigger than that of partner effect on almost measures. Lastly, among uses of conflict coping behaviors, frequency of husband's and wife's conflict ignoring behavior affected negatively on both self's and spouse's marital satisfaction. Especially husbands' emotion expression behavior affected negatively on wife's satisfaction, but wife's conflict ignoring behavior affected negatively on husbands' satisfaction. Those findings suggest that marriage couple's conflict coping behaviors affect on partner's satisfaction asymmetrically.
Abstract
This study explored how to set the risk assessment procedure of juvenile delinquents at the intake stage of police, specifically for dismissing cases with the condition of admonition by civilian experts. In order to accomplish this purpose, forensic psychology trainees assessed personality and risk factors related to juvenile recidivism. In addition juveniles institutionalized in correctional facilities and high-school kids also participated in this survey. ROC analysis was applied to produce a cutoff-score discriminating risk level of institutionalized juveniles and non-delinquents. The fact that juveniles with high risk scores had personality more vulnerable to delinquency presents the present risk assessment procedure might achieve the satisfactory degree of validity.
Abstract
To identify the dimensions underlying Korean emotion terms, two studies were performed. Study 1 yielded a list of Korean emotion words and Study 2 explored its structure. The emotion words were selected from 'The Frequency of Korean Word Usage' published by the Center for Linguistic Informatics Development in Yonsei University. Ten experts participated in the selection process and generated a list of 434 emotion words. 365 undergraduate students rated the words in terms of prototypicality, familiarity, pleasantness-unpleasantness, and activation. In study 2, three experts selected 87 representative emotion terms from the 434 word list. 80 undergraduates participated in similarity sorting task of the words selected. The data were subjected to MDS analysis and yielded two dimensions：pleasantness -unpleasantness and other focused-self focused emotion. While previous studies of English emotion words provided support for pleasantness-unpleasantness and activation dimensions, neither the present study nor Ahn's study(1993, 1994) produced activation dimension. The difference was explained in terms of selection criteria for emotion words and lack of Korean emotion terms with extreme degree of activation.
Abstract
To identify the dimensions underlying Korean emotion terms, two studies were performed. Study 1 yielded a list of Korean emotion words and Study 2 explored its structure. The emotion words were selected from 'The Frequency of Korean Word Usage' published by the Center for Linguistic Informatics Development in Yonsei University. Ten experts participated in the selection process and generated a list of 434 emotion words. 365 undergraduate students rated the words in terms of prototypicality, familiarity, pleasantness-unpleasantness, and activation. In study 2, three experts selected 87 representative emotion terms from the 434 word list. 80 undergraduates participated in similarity sorting task of the words selected. The data were subjected to MDS analysis and yielded two dimensions : pleasantness -unpleasantness and other focused-self focused emotion. While previous studies of English emotion words provided support for pleasantness-unpleasantness and activation dimensions, neither the present study nor Aim's study(1993, 1994) produced activation dimension. The difference was explained in terms of selection criteria for emotion words and lack of Korean emotion terms with extreme degree of activation.
Abstract
Recently, social scientists' interest in serial killings is increasing. Since serial killings had sharply increased during 1960s-70s in U.S. the American law enforcement agencies were pushed to solve those criminal incidents. Therefore, they drew various investigative techniques. The criminal profiling was one of those techniques which was developed by FBI. Agents of FBI first collected serial murder cases and analyzed them, to produce typology of serial killings. This is the origin of criminal profiling. However, the methods FBI's analyzing serial killings were dependent of investigator's subjective judgements and experiences, which was pointed out as the most serial shortcomings of FBI profiling. Recently, social scientists applied statistical analyses for profiling serial murder cases. Based on objective interviews, police files, psychological batteries they filed serial murder cases. Then the empirically proven structures of serial killings were drawn by statistical inferences. This paper reviewed prior studies on this matter and suggested how to apply this kind of basic information for investigating serial murder cases in Korea.
Abstract
We examined the effective nonverbal cues of detecting lies of suspect and compared this findings and previous findings. 51 university students participated in a study about cheating an exam and they were asked 6 questions about the exam individually. After separating lie and truth responses of each questions, we compared the mean frequency of nonverbal behaviors when they were telling a truth and a lie. The following behaviors were coded: latency period, vocal characteristics(high pitch of voice, speech hesitations, speech error, frequency of pauses), facial characteristics(gaze, smile, touching face, blinking, tongue), Movements(illustrators, hand and finger movement, leg and foot movement, head movement, trunk movement, shifting position). While lying, they showed more high pitch of voice, speech hesitation, smile and trunk movement, less blinking and illustrators. This finding, such as more speech hesitation, trunk movement, high pitch of voice and less illustrate when they lied, supports previous findings and also showed less blink when they lied even though previous finding didn't showed. However, this finding showed more smile while the previous findings showed less smile when they lied
Abstract
This research examined relationship and partner ideals in intimate relationships and the effects of discrepancy between ideals and perceptions of current relationship on relationship quality (satisfaction, commitment). The aim of study 1 was to create a list of common characteristics of ideal partners (lover/spouse) and romantic relationships (dating/marital relationship). 509 participants provided 66 ideal partner descriptions and 51 ideal relationship descriptions. In study 2, 338 undergraduate and graduate students rated the importance of the descriptions obtained in study 1 in their own ideal partners and ideal relationships. The results of factor analyses were as follows: For the ideal partner items, a five factor solution was suggested. The five factors were interpreted as warmth/trustworthiness, ability/resources, attractiveness, self-confidence/brightness, and management ability of household. For the ideal relationship items, a five factor solution was suggested. The five factors were interpreted as relationship intimacy, expression of love, equality/distance, similarity and economic well-being. Study 3 examined the effects of discrepancy between ideals and perceptions of current romantic relationship on relationship satisfaction and commitment. Men who reported the actual-ideal discrepancy in partner attractiveness tended to rate their relationships more negatively. On the contrary, women who reported the actual-ideal discrepancy in partner ability/resources tended to evaluate their relationships more negatively. Finally, men and women who reported the actual-ideal discrepancy in relationship intimacy or relationship equality/distance tended to evaluate their relationships more negatively.
Abstract
One hundred twenty two police officers and 160 college students were surveyed on their beliefs about vocal and nonverbal characteristics of lying. Beliefs about the content of deceptive statements were also assessed using 19 criteria of Criteria-Based Content Analysis(CBCA). Both police officers and college students thought their own lies were not likely to be detected but they were not very confident of detecting other people's lying. Police officers and college students shared similar beliefs regarding vocal and nonverbal characteristics of lying. Compared to actual behavior of deceptive criminal suspects, participants' beliefs on vocal characteristics were relatively accurate whereas those about nonverbal characteristics and statement content of deceptive statements were relatively inaccurate. Both groups accurately believed some criteria of CBCA would appear more often in truthful statements than in deceptive statements, although they thought other CBCA criteria would appear more often in deceptive statements. Overall the results are similar to those of previous studies from western countries. Dangers of relying on incorrect beliefs in making interpersonal judgments, especially for police officers, were discussed.
Abstract
The present study had two purposes. First, it attempted to replicate conceptually in Korea the cross- cultural study conducted by Heine, Kitayama, Lehman, Takata, Ide, Leung, & Matsumoto(2001). To do so, we employed the level of self-esteem (SE) as a moderating variable in self-enhancing behavior. Second, it investigated whether the Koreans would show the Japanese cultural pattern of behavior reported in the previous study (Heine et al., 2001) in which the Japanese students showed self-improving motivation while the Canadian students showed self-enhancing motivation. Three versions, varying in difficulty levels, of Korean Remote Association Test (K-RAT) were constructed. Rosenberg's self-esteem(SE) scale was used to select 24 high SE people and 24 low SE among 120 university students of both sexes. Half of each SE groups was randomly assigned to the difficult K-RAT test (Failure condition) and half was to the easy K-RAT test (Success condition). Following the performance feedback of either success or failure, the subjects were given the opportunity to work on another K-RAT (medium difficulty level) up to 15 minutes. The persisting time on the second K-RAT was measured as the major dependent variable. As hypothesized, a significant interaction effect of SE level and feedback condition was found, F(1, 44)=5.62, p<.05. The pattern showed that the high SE people persisted more in the success feedback than in the failure feedback but the low SE people persisted about equally in both feedback conditions. So, the Canadian pattern of Heine et al' study was obtained among the high SE, but the Japanese pattern was not observed. Taken together, the overall pattern shown by the Korean students resembles more of Canadian than of Japanese. The results indicate the validity of SE as a moderator of self-enhancing tendency and warn against the wholesale treatment of East Asian culture.