Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.19 No.2
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine cultural differences of relationship between leisure life and quality of life. For this goal, 368 Korean and 348 German university students completed a questionnaire measuring relationship between leisure life(leisure activities, leisure motivation, leisure attitude and leisure satisfaction) and quality of life(life satisfaction and negative affectivity). Based on analyzing these data, We found 4 prominent results; First, there were cultural differences between leisure activity and leisure satisfaction and quality of life. Specifically, although many of the Korean students were usually participating an 'indoor activities' such as internet surfing, card game, billiard etc, they were unlikely to satisfy those activities. On the other hand, majority of German students(29.2%) were participating sports activities, which was positively related with leisure satisfaction and quality of life. Second, the result showed that Korean students were to have a stronger ‘psychological rest motivation' in leisure life than German students. While German students were to have a stronger ‘competent motivation' than Korean students. Third, Korean students showed discrepancy between cognition and behavior of leisure attitude. When it comes to the cognitive aspects of leisure attitude, Korean students were more likely to consider leisure as a valuable activity than German students. In that the behavioral aspects, German students were more willing to participate leisure activity and consume time and money than Korean students.
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate whether the evaluation of a female leader with either autocratic or democratic leadership style would be affected in terms of the sex of the evaluator and the hostile and/or benevolent sexism of the evaluator. The evaluation of a female leader was measured on 3 aspects：relational aspects, competence, and the attitude toward the female leader. The results of the analyses regarding the evaluation on the relational aspects, such as warmth, acceptability and likability, and the attitudes toward the female leader were consistent with the prediction by the role congruity theory; the democratic female leader, whose behaviors were congruent with the expectation of female gender-role, was more highly evaluated than the autocratic female leader, whose behaviors were incongruent. This differential evaluations between the democratic and autocratic female leader were more conspicuous in male evaluators. The competence of a female leader tended to be more highly evaluated for the autocratic female leader than the democratic female leader, which was significant only for the female evaluators. The more the participants advocated the benevolent sexism, the more positively the female leader was evaluated on all aspects. This positive influence of the benevolent sexism was especially true when the female participants evaluated the attitudes toward the democratic leader. The more male and female evaluators advocated the hostile sexism, they evaluated the autocratic female leader as more competent than the democratic female leader. The results and the implications of the study were discussed.
Abstract
Five studies were performed to develop and validate the Korean Ambivalent Sexism Inventory(K-ASI). Total 3491 high school students, college students and adults participated in these five studies. Through item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, 36 items(18 Hostile and 18 Benevolent Sexism) were selected and finally included in K-ASI. The K-ASI taps 2 positively correlated component of sexism that nevertheless represent opposite evaluative orientations toward women：Hostile Sexism(HS) and Benevolent Sexism(BS). HS and BS are hypothesized to encompass 3 sources of male ambivalence：Paternalism, Gender Differentiation, and Heterosexuality. These five studies also established convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of K-ASI. That is, HS-BS correlations were moderate, and the correlations between HS scores(controlling for the BS scores) with scores from various other sexism scales were moderate while the correlation between BS scores with scores obtained from these existing scales when controlling for the HS scores were nonsignificantly low, as expected. The HS scale correlates with negative attitudes toward and stereotypes about women, and the BS scale correlates with positive attitudes toward and stereotypes about women. The results of a nation-wide survey(Study 5) demonstrated that males as compared to females, adults than younger students and people in Youngnam area than in other regions showed higher HS and BS scores. The theoretical and the practical implications of these two types of sexism and the use of the scale were discussed.
Abstract
To test the adequacy of modified Holman's(2001) model of marital quality, 427 couples(854 persons) were used. Premarital family of origin, individual characteristics, social network, and interaction process variables were rated through retrospective method, and present marital satisfaction and continuance intention were rated. Specifically, various interaction variables like the harmony of relationship were measured. The results showed superiority of modified model. In addition, women rated more negatively interaction variables and premarital and marital satisfaction and continuance intention than men. Most variables of family of origin, individual characteristics, social network and interaction variables showed significant correlations with marital satisfaction and continuance intention, and these variables showed lower correlations with marital continuance intention than marital satisfaction. Future study problems related to interaction variables were discussed.
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study is to investigate genetic and environmental influences on self- concept among children in South Korea. A Korean version of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale and a zygosity questionnaire were administered to 226 pairs of monozygotic and 168 pairs of dizygotic twins through a mail survey. Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale included six self- concept scales, that is, Behavior, Physical Appearance and Attributes, Anxiety, Intellectual Competence and School Status, Popularity, and Happiness and Satisfaction. Intraclass correlation and path analyses were performed using Mx(Neale, 1997). On the six self-concept scales, genetic influences ranged from 12% to 35%, shared environmental influences, from 14% to 38%, and nonshared environmental influences, from 38% to 62%. Shared and nonshared environmental factors were strong in Behavior, Physical Appearance and Attributes, and Anxiety, whereas genetic factors were important for Popularity and Happiness and Satisfaction. Genetic and shared and nonshared environmental influences were all necessary in explaining variations in Intellectual Competence and School Status. These results were discussed in the context of previous findings based on Caucasian twin samples.