Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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- P-ISSN1229-0653
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.26 No.3
Abstract
This study was to examine how juror eligible lay people evaluate claims of self-defense generically (i.e., without being informed with its legal definitions). It was hypothesized that, in determination for self-defense claims,individuals of high Collectivism would be stricter than those of high Individualism. The results showed that individualists’ judgment of self-defense did not vary in accordance with the presence or absence of threat imminence in the scenario. On the other hand, collectivists’ judgment of self-defense varied significantly according to the presence or absence of the imminence. Greater proportions of collectivists accepted the defendant’s claim of self-defense when the imminence of threat was present in the scenario than when it was absent. Implications of the results for how to instruct the jurors in the self-defense cases were discussed.
Abstract
This study searched for the validity evidences of KASI(Korean Assessment of Sexual Interest; Lee, 2011) in discriminating pedophiliac sex offenders from non-pedophiliac child molesters. Pedophiliac subjects who participated in this study were 7 patients of a psychiatric unit and 5 inmates of a prison diagnosed as pedophile based on DSM-Ⅳ. 31 non-pedophiliac child molesters participated in a control group. Relative preference toward stimuli among 4 groups of pictures(pictures of girls, boys, women, and men) were measured by within-subject standard scores of viewing time by KASI. Repeated measures of ANOVA revealed that pedophiliac sex offenders had relatively longer viewing time onto the pictures of girls. Also, it was found that rule-of-thirds principle of KASI had significant consistency with the membership decision of criterion groups made by the DSM-Ⅳ.
Abstract
When do individuals act on their personal values? Based on a distinction between actual self-importance (the extent to which individuals personally endorse certain values) and perceived social importance of values (the extent to which individuals consensually believe the values to be important to their group), this study found that collectivistic values were rated higher in the perceived social importance than in the actual self-importance while the opposite was the case for individualistic values. In addition, the relation between personal values and self-reported value-expressive behaviors was inversely associated with perceived normative pressures such that personal values related the strongest to the behaviors for which normative pressures were perceived to be the weakest. These data were interpreted to suggest that a collective misrepresentation of cultural values might contribute to the persistence of collectivism in the Korean cultural context and that the relation between personal values and behaviors might be partly masked by perceived normative pressures.
Abstract
The present study investigated what kinds of changes people thought would occur if they earned lots of money. Self-other differences in their thoughts and relationships to money attitude were examined as well. In pilot study,we asked what kinds of changes would occur and selected 24 items based on the responses. In main study, we asked to rate 24 items on 7 change attributes. Among the 7 change attributes, the degree of change attribute was used to do factor analysis of 24 items. The results showed that with regards to the change of self, five factors such as external factor, future, breadth of mind, interpersonal relationships, donation were extracted. With regards to the change of others, internal factor was added to the five factors. Regarding the 7 change attributes, the values were mostly above 4 point that was the mid point, which implies that people thought that the change caused by money was big, continuous, positive, having a great ripple effect, fundamental, but controllable. The seven change attributes were also factor analyzed and the two extracted factors were change of quality and quantity. There were self-other differences both in the evaluations of the seven change attributes and the two factors. The relationships between the two factors and money attitude demonstrated that the more positive money attitudes were, the more change was expected in both quality and quantity. The results of the present study indicated that people believed many good changes would occur due to money and the changes occurring to self were especially positive. Implications, limitations and direction for future research were discussed.
Abstract
The present study tested cultivation and false consensus effects by analyzing the difference of reality perception between SNS (Social Networking Service/Sites) heavy users and light users. An on-line survey was conducted on 960 quota-samples of 20’s～40’s males and females from 5 regions in Korea. Results indicated that twitter and facebook heavy-users showed smaller differences in their estimates of reality vs. twitter rates of people’s political orientations (conservatives, centrists, and liberals) than light users. This proves the cultivation effects, which posits that SNS heavy users perceive SNS more reflective of reality than light users. In particular, the conservative twitter heavy users estimated the rates of conservatives in SNS relatively highly, while the liberal twitter heavy users estimated the rates of liberals in reality relatively highly, so that the false consensus effects were also proved. Both heavy and light users of facebook showed strong false consensus effects. In general, SNS light users’ estimates were slightly closer to real survey data. At the same time, conservative SNS light users overestimated the rates of SNS liberals, so that a possible polarization of perceptions between heavy and light SNS users was also suggested. In the estimates of the rates of active SNS users, both twitter and facebook users showed strong false consensus effects; that is, the more they use the SNS, the higher estimates of active SNS users they produce. The estimates of the probability of victimization for crimes and unemployment ratio showed that SNS heavy users perceive our society more negatively than light users. The estimates of the probability of victimization through fabrication or crime and the rates of female professionals showed main effects of gender, which implies the disadvantageous experiences in reality also had considerable influence in reality perception. Cultivation and false consensus effects may be universal phenomena caused by misperceptions of others’ opinions, so that we should be careful not to overconsume homogeneous opinions in SNS.