바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

ISSN : 1229-0653

논문 상세

이전 다음
논문 투고

Vol.29 No.1
Citation Share

외향성인 사람과 내향인 사람 간 행복의 차이: 맥락, 정서 및 가치를 중심으로

Differences in Happiness between Extroverts and Introverts: Happiness with Different Colors

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2015, v.29 no.1, pp.23-44
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2015.29.1.002
박은미 (중앙대학교)
정태연 (중앙대학교)
박은미, & 정태연. (2015). 외향성인 사람과 내향인 사람 간 행복의 차이: 맥락, 정서 및 가치를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 29(1), 23-44, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2015.29.1.002
  • 다운로드 수
  • 조회수
PDF 다운로드

초록

본 연구는 외향적인 사람과 내향적인 사람 간에 행복을 경험하는 맥락, 정서 그리고 행복 관련 가치의 차이를 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대학생 121명을 대상으로 2주 동안 행복 에피소드 일기를 쓰도록 하였다. 그 내용을 분석한 결과, 행복맥락은 대인관계, 여가활동, 자기계발, 친사회적 행동, 종교 총 5개의 상위범주로 범주화되었다. 대인관계 맥락에서 외향적인 사람일수록 유쾌, 황홀, 애정, 자부심을 높게 경험한 반면, 내향적인 사람일수록 안락정서를 높게 경험하였다. 여가활동과 자기계발 맥락에서 외향적인 사람일수록 전반적으로 긍정 정서 및 가치를 높게 경험하였다. 에피소드 빈도의 경우, 외향적 집단이 내향적 집단보다 대인관계를 빈번하게 경험했고, 내향적 집단이 외향적 집단보다 여가활동 중 정적활동과 신체․심리적 평안과 즐거움 활동을 더 빈번하게 경험하였다. 자기계발범주에서 외향적 집단은 수행맥락을 내향적 집단보다 빈번하게 경험한 반면, 내향적 집단은 자기탐색과 자기성장 맥락을 더 빈번하게 경험하였다. 이를 토대로 연구의 의의와 한계를 논의하였다.

keywords
내향적 집단, 외향적 집단, 행복, 다이어리기법, 사회적 맥락, 행복 정서와 가치, Extroverts, Introverts, Happiness, DRM(Day reconstruction method), Happiness related Contexts, Affects, and Value.

Abstract

The present study aimed to identify the differences in emotions, contexts, and values relevant to happiness between extroverts and introverts. A total of 121 undergraduates were asked to keep a diary for their happiness episodes for two weeks. Content analysis of happiness episodic contexts led to five upper categories: interpersonal relationship, leisure activities, self-improvement, pro-social behaviors, religion. For the interpersonal relationship category, extroverts had experienced emotions more such as pleasure, ecstasy, affection, and confidence, whereas introverts had experienced ones more such as tranquility. For the leisure activities and self-improvement categories, extroverts experienced positive emotions and values more than introverts did. And contexts in which extroverts experienced happiness were more related to interpersonal relationship contexts, those for introverts were more related to passive activities, physical/psychological well-being and pleasure. Finally, for the self-development category, the performance contexts were more closely connected with extroverts, while self-reflection and self growth were more important for the introverts.

keywords
내향적 집단, 외향적 집단, 행복, 다이어리기법, 사회적 맥락, 행복 정서와 가치, Extroverts, Introverts, Happiness, DRM(Day reconstruction method), Happiness related Contexts, Affects, and Value.

참고문헌

1.

구재선, 김의철 (2006). 심리적 특성, 생활 경험, 행복의 통합적 관계. 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 20, 1-18.

2.

김명소, 성은현, 김혜원 (1999). 한국 기혼여성(아줌마)들의 성격 특성과 주관적 삶의 질. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 4, 41-55.

3.

박은미, 정태연 (2011). 내외향성간 행복정서강도의 차이. 2011 한국심리학회 연차학술대회, 1, 182.

4.

Baumgardner, S. R., & Crothers, M. K. (2009). The meaning and measure of happiness. In S. R. Baumgardner & M. K. Crothers (Eds.). Positive psychology (pp.14-37). New Jersey: Pearson Education.

5.

Brebner, J., & Cooper, C. (1978). Stimulus or response-induced excitation: a Comparison of the behavior of introverts and extroverts. Journal of Research in personality, 12, 306-311

6.

Bruner, J. S. (1957). On perceptual readiness. Psychological Review, 64, 123-152.

7.

Cady, J. (2004). Positive Solitude: An examination of individuals who spend frequent time alone. (Master’s thesis). Vancouver: The university of british columbia.

8.

Cain, S. (2012). 콰이어트 [Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can’t stop talking]. (김우열 역). 서울: 알에이치코리아. (원전은 2012년에 출판)

9.

Costa, P., & R. McCrae. (1980). Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective wellbeing:happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 668-678.

10.

DeYoung, C. G., Hirsh, J. B., Shane, M. S., Papademetris, X., Rajeevan, N., & Gray, J. R. (2010). Testing predictions from personality neuroscience brain structure and the big five. Psychological science, 6, 820-828.

11.

Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.

12.

Diener, E., & Diener, C. (1996). Most people are happy, Psychological science, 7, 181-185.

13.

Diener, E., & Lucas, R. E. (1999). Personality and subjective well-being. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 213-229). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

14.

Fleeson, W., Malanos, A. B., & Achille, N. M. (2002). An intraindividual process approach to the relationship between extraversion and positive affect: is acting extraverted as "good" as being extroverted?. Journal of personality and social psychology, 83(6), 1409.

15.

Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the big-five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4, 26-42.

16.

Gross, J. J., Sutton, S. K., & Ketelaar, T. (1998). Relations between affect and personality: Support for the affect-level and affective-reactivity views. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 279-288.

17.

Helgoe, L. (2009). 은근한 매력 [Introvert power]. (임소연 역). 서울: 흐름출판. (원전은 2008년에출판).

18.

Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2001). Happiness, introversion-extraversion and happy introverts. Personality and Individual Difference, 30, 595-608.

19.

Johnson, D. L., Wiebe, J. S., Gold, S. M., Andreasen, N. C., Hichwa, R. D., Watkins, G. L., & Ponto, L. L. B. (1999). Cerebral blood flow and personality: a positron emission tomography study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 252-257.

20.

Judge, T. A, Bono, J. E. Llies, R., & Gerhardt, M. W. (2002). Personality and leadership: a qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 765-780.

21.

Jung, C. (1928). The relations between the ego and the unconscious. Collected Works, 7, 127-241.

22.

Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience:The day reconstruction method. Science, 306, 1776-1780.

23.

Kunzmann, U., & Baltes, P. B. (2003). Beyond the traditional scope of intelligence: Wisdom in action. American Psychological Association.

24.

Kunzmann, U., Stange, A., & Jordan, J. (2005). Positive Affectivity and Lifestyle in Adulthood:Do You Do What You Feel?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 574-588.

25.

Larsen, R. J., & Buss, D. M. (2008). Personality psychology.: Domains of Knowledge about Human Nature, Jastrebarsko: Naklada Slap.

26.

Larsen, R. J., & Ketelaar, T. (1991). Personality and susceptibility to positive and negative emotional states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 132-140.

27.

Lucas, R. E., & Diener, E. (2001). Cross-cultural evidence for the fundamental features of extraversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 452-468.

28.

Lucas, R. E., & Fujita, F. (2001). Factors influencing the relation between extraversion and pleasant affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 1039-1056.

29.

Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: does happiness lead to success?. Psychological bulletin, 131, 803-855.

30.

McNeil, J. M., Lowman, J. C., & Fleeson, W. (2010). The effect of state extraversion on four types of affect. European Journal of Personality, 24, 18-35.

31.

Nettle, D. (2007). Personality: What makes you the way you are. Oxford University Press.

32.

Oerlemans, W. G., & Bakker, A. B. (2014). Why extravert are happier: A day reconstruction study. Journal of Research in Personality, 50, 11-22.

33.

Oerlemans, W. G., Bakker, A. B., & Veenhoven, R. (2011). Finding the key to happy aging: A day reconstruction study of happiness. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, gbr040.

34.

Patterson, C. M., & Newman, J. P. (1993). Reflectivity and learning from aversive events:toward a psychological mechanism for the syndromes of disinhibition. Psychological review, 100, 716-736.

35.

Robinson, M. D., Moeller, S. K, & Ode, S. (2010). Extraversion and reward-related processing:probing incentive motivation in affective priming tasks. Emotion, 10, 615-626.

36.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: a review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 141-166.

37.

Ryff, C. D, Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Persnality and Social Psychology, 69, 719-727.

38.

Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 57, 1069-1081.

39.

Smillie, L. D., Cooper, A., Wilt, J., & Revelle, W. (2012). Do extraverts get more bang for the buck? Refining the affective-reactivity hypothesis of extraversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 306-326.

40.

Smillie, L. D., Geaney, J. T., Wilt, J., Cooper, A. J., & Revelle, W. (2013). Aspects of extraversion are unrelated to pleasant affectivereactivity:Further examination of the affectivereactivity hypothesis. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(5), 580-587.

41.

Stewart, M. E., Ebmeier, K. P., & Deary, I. J. (2005). Personality correlates of happiness and sadness: EPQ-R and TPQ compared. Personality and individual differences, 38, 1085-1096.

42.

Tov, W., & Koh, K. (2014). Extroverts categorize their daily experiences by specific social relationships. Journal of Research in Personality, 52, 13-19.

43.

Treadway, M. T., & Zald, D. H. (2011). Reconsidering anhedonia in depression: lessons from translational neuroscience. Neuroscience &Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 537-555.

44.

Waterman, A. S. (2005). When effort is enjoyed:Two studies of intrinsic motivation for personally salient activities. Motivation and Emotion, 29, 165-188.

45.

Watson, D., Wiese, D., Vaidya, J., & Tellegen, A. (1999). The two general activation systems of affect: Structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence. Journal of personality and social psychology, 76, 820-838.

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격

논문 투고 OA 정책