Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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- KCI
ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.29 No.2
Abstract
Cloninger(1987, 2004) was assumed that naturally inborn temperament affects personality development across the lifetime. If based on this assumption, temperament may be a potent cause of personality disorders. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between personality disorders (PDs) and each dimension in Korean Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) that based on Cloninger's psychobiological model. Also, we investigated the temperament and character that have each PDs, and examined the character dimensions that can discriminate PDs. The Korean TCI and Personality Disorder Test were administered to 753 university students. We used correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. As a result, self-Direction (SD) and Cooperativeness (C) were useful indicator for recognizing level of PDs, because SD and C were negative correlation with all cluster of PDs. Cluster A was associated with Harm Avoidance (HA) and Reward Dependence (RD). Cluster B was related Novelty Seeking (NS), cluster C was involved HA. Furthermore, we suggested three-dimensional figure about what kind of relationship between 10 PDs and three temperament dimension (NA, HA, RD). Implication of this study was to examine the psychological trait of PDs through a temperament and character dimension.
Abstract
Physical and nonphysical traits would have favored by natural selection via competition for survival and reproduction during human evolutionary history. Thus, those personal traits might be related to competitive ability. Thus, we investigated whether behavioral strategies to get ahead vary depending on physical and nonphysical traits and whether there are combined effects of those personal traits on the choice and performance of behavioral strategies, using Hierarchy Negotiation Tactic Scales. The results revealed that men with higher 2D:4D (high level of prenatal testosterone) and women with more attractive bodies (indicated by WHR) frequently used Physical Appeal tactics. With regard to personality traits, for both sexes instrumental personality attributes had predictive effects on all hierarchy negotiation tactics (except for Deception/ Manipulation), while expressivity was a primary predictor of the use of Social Network tactics. Moreover, there was a combined effect of instrumentality and expressivity on the use of hierarchy negotiation tactics. At high levels of both personality attributes, men used Physical Appeal tactic more often, while women frequently performed Industriousness/Knowledge tactics. However, the moderating effects of personality characteristics on the relationship between hierarchy negotiation tactics and body attractiveness were not observed. Findings indicate that individuals have self-perception of their physical and personality characteristics, and the behavioral strategies used for status attainment are calibrated by their personal characteristics.
Abstract
The domestic violence damage not only spouse who is exposed directly to assault but also their children. However, there is possibility that the juvenile who are exposed domestic violence can not be recognized as the crime victims. Although domestic violence affect harmful effects, only a few researches are identified. This study tried to find out negative effects which are caused by the domestic violence to juvenile's mental health and whether the relation with their mental health and the risk of delinquency has a causality. The subjects were 215 juvenile who were middle school to high school students. Some of them were normal students, the others were youth detention centre or juvenile classification review board. We separated group by whether they have experience of domestic violence, checked the difference of mental health which was displayed on PAI and did a comparative analysis to subjects for whether they had suffered from domestic violence. The result of the study was that the juvenile who were imprisonment had more experienced domestic violence than the others. Also the PAI showed more ANX, SCZ, BOR, AGG, SUI, NCN, RXR, DCM, WRM levels than the others. In the relation with victimization experience of family violence and risk of delinquency, the mental health shows mediating effects. In this case, mental health is anxiety(ANX), psychosis(SCZ), interpersonal problem(BOR), suicidal ideation(SUI), passive interpersonal relationship(WRM).
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of negative affect on the detection of deception and how certainty would mediate the relationship. In the experiment, participants were instructed to recall and write about anger and sad episodes. In the neutral conditions, participants were asked to write the mundane events of the previous day. After affect induction, participants viewed deceptive or truthful interviews films. They made judgments about the targets’ truthfulness. As predicted, anger individuals achieved lower accuracy rates than sad individuals. Moreover, mediation analysis demonstrated that anger individuals would have comparatively lower accuracy rates on judgments because they had higher certainty about their judgments. Sad individuals, in contrast, had less confidence when making judgments so they led to systematic processing and achieved higher accuracy rates. These results show that there were the difference of judgmental accuracy rates in the condition of two negative affects and certainty mediated the relationship between negative affect and the detection of deception.. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was identified The two-dimensional perfectional construction and validate hierarchical two factor model. For this study questionnaire including 3 perfectional Scales, FMPS(Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblate, 1990), HMPS(Hewitt & Flett; 1991), and APS-R(Slaney, Ashby & Trippi, 2001) was constructed. In this process 49-items were selected. Survey for data collection was conducted twice for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. 300 university student participated in the first survey and 262 university student participated in the second survey. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, 4 factors were abstracted. These factors are order, discrepancy, absolute pursuit of success and high standards. The confirmatory factor analysis was used for verification that four lower factors is fitted two-dimensional perfectionism scale. The fitness of hierarchical 2 factor model was appropriated. The effect of higer factors on lower order factors was statistically significant. Worthwhile of this study is to confirm validation for hierarchical two factor model of perfectionism scale. Implication and limitation of the study and suggestions for future study were discussed.
Abstract
This study was to test whether P300 CIT, which has one prove and 1s inter-stimulus interval affected by countermeasures. Also, it was to investigate the method for the detection of countermeasure. The effect of countermeasures was tested under the condition where the participants were asked to respond to a particular irrelevant (1CM condition) and respond to two particular irrelevants (2CM condition) out of four irrelevants. We used both physical countermeasure whether the participants were required to wiggling their fingers or toes and mental countermeasure whether the participants were required to calling his or her mother's name in mind. The results showed the use of physical and mental countermeasures influence on the detection rate in P300 CIT. When the countermeasures were not used, the detection rate was 73% in P300 CIT. The detection rate was 0 % and 14 % in 1CM condition and 2 CM condition respectively, when the physical countermeasures were used. The detection rate was 14% both in 1CM condition and 2 CM condition when the mental countermeasures were used. The detectability of the countermeasures was evaluated from correlation coefficients among ERPs. We tested whether the correlation coefficients between ERPs from irrelevant and target were greater than the correlation coefficients between ERPs from irrelevant and probe for the cases incorrectly evaluated as not lying. One hundred percent in the group of physical countermeasure and 92% in the group of mental countermeasure were included while 33% in the group of guilt were included in the criteria. The possibility for the detection of countermeasure by using correlation coefficients among ERPs was discussed.