Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.32 No.4
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate how materialism would predict Korean college students’ ideal mating partner standards. We hypothesized that the ratio and importance of Warmth/Trustworthiness, Ability/Resources, and Appearance/Attractiveness would be different according to materialism and gender. We also hypothesized that the interaction between materialism and gender is significant. In study 1, we asked 123 college students to freely describe their ideal mating partner standards, and we examined how materialism and gender would predict the ratio of Warmth/Trustworthiness, Ability/Resources, and Appearance/Attractiveness. As a result, we found that students who scored higher on materialism listed more Ability/Resource words as their ideal mating partner standards. We also found the gender difference; women listed more of Ability/Resources related standards while men listed more of Appearance/Attractiveness related standards. The interaction between materialism and gender also predicted significantly the Ability/Resource standard. In study 2, we asked 370 college students to rate the importance of ideal mating partner standard list from study 1 and examined the factor structure. Furthermore, we investigated how the importance of ideal mating partner standards would differ by one’s materialism and gender. As predicted, we found that college student who score higher materialism considered that both Ability/Resources and Appearance/Attractiveness standards were more important. However, materialism did not predict the importance of Warmth/Trustworthiness. Gender and the interaction between materialism and gender were not significantly predicted the importance of any of the standards.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate differences in sentencing depending on temporal distance. Participants (127 college students) were asked to read crime scenarios and respond to questionnaires. In Study 1, the participants were randomly assigned to one of two different temporal distance(proximal/distal) conditions. They read the crime scenario and were asked to make a sentencing judgment. The results showed that the participants who were assigned to the distal condition generally gave a longer sentence than the participants in the proximal condition. Study 2 was conducted to find out the effect of temporal distance on sentencing when the sentencing factor was provided. The participants were randomly assigned to four different conditions by the temporal distance(distal/proximal) and the sentencing factor(mitigating/aggravating) and read a crime scenario to make a sentencing decision. The results turned out that there were the main effects of the sentencing factor and the temporal distance. Also, the interaction effect between the factors was significant. In the aggravating condition where the cause of crime was retaliation, the participants sentenced longer when the crime was distant than near. The limitations of the study and the suggestions for further research are discussed.
Abstract
The present research explored the possibility of methodological errors in attitude attribution paradigm and its two possible consequences in examining fundamental attribution error and correspondence bias. It is suggested that participants in the no-choice condition made attitude attributions with normatively irrelevant information due to the restriction of response options, which may have caused participants’ more extreme dispositional attribution as well as the reduced confidence in the attribution. To examine the proposed possibility, two studies were conducted among American college students (N = 236) replicating the attitude attribution paradigm with some adjustments. In the two studies, participants were informed about whether the author had the freedom to choose the direction of an essay (choice vs. no-choice) and read an essay in favor or against the effectiveness of face-to-face communication (pro vs. anti). In study 1, participants answered whether they could correctly make an accurate attribution before making the attribution. In study 2, participants judged the essay's and the author's attitude separately as well as rated their confidence regarding these judgments. The findings supported both the presence of the proposed problems in the attitude attribution paradigm and the overattribution effect. In study 1, more participants in the no-choice condition than in the choice condition answered that an accurate attitude attribution is impossible and such responders did not attribute attitude in the essay to the author. However, more than half of participants still answered that an accurate attribution is possible and such responders showed dispositional attribution. Also, although participants expressed less confidence when situational constraints existed, they still made dispositional attribution.
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on the risk of chronic impulse buying because impulse buying can yield immediate pleasure, and such pleasure is likely to develop the dependence of impulse buying, as well as to increase the likelihood of the loss of self-control and shopping addiction. Thus, this study investigated whether personality traits and prenatal sex hormones influence on impulse buying tendency related to emotional state and whether these relationships were mediated by perceived stress. The results revealed that high 2D:4D (relatively higher prenatal estrogen level), high emotionality, high perceived stress, and low extraversion predicted higher negative mood-avoidance impulse buying tendency. With regard to positive mood-maintenance impulse buying tendency, no variables have significant associations, except for extraversion. The results of mediating effects showed that individuals with high emotionality and low extraversion had greater perceived stress, which, in turn, predicted higher negative mood avoidance impulse buying tendency. Findings suggest that emotionally unstable or introverted individuals may be more vulnerable to daily life stress and that impulse buying may serve as a mood-regulating function for them. This study provides additional information for the effects of personality traits, prenatal sex hormones, perceived stress on impulse buying tendency.
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between perceived overprotection and high school students’ moral behavior, and also identified how morality priming influences their behavior. Korean-Parental Overprotection Scale (K-POS) was administered to 1,035 high school students. 33 students who reported high K-POS score (1.5 SD above the mean) were assigned to overprotected group and non-overprotected group of 33 students was randomly selected from the students reporting scores within the average range. Participants were asked to provide consultation to a partner under conflict of interest situation. The results showed that overprotected students were more likely to pursue private profits than control group. However, the pursuit of private profits in overprotected group significantly decreased after morality priming. These results implied that parental overprotection negatively affect adolescents’ moral behavior and priming has an effect on promoting moral behavior. Implications and limitations are further discussed.
Abstract
This study investigates differences in asymmetry of knowledge between competition and cooperation. Study 1 investigated the effects of competition and cooperation on interpersonal asymmetry and intrapersonal asymmetry. Participants, in 46 pairs, were assigned to either the competitive or cooperation condition, and questionnaires measuring asymmetry were administered before and after the manipulation. Before the manipulation, asymmetry in intrapersonal knowledge was observed but asymmetry in interpersonal knowledge was not. After the condition manipulation, asymmetry was observed in the competition condition more than the cooperation condition. There was no change in the asymmetry of the knowledge in competition condition and the asymmetry of the intrapersonal knowledge in cooperation condition. However, the asymmetry of interpersonal knowledge in cooperation condition decreased after cooperation manipulation. Study 2 examined the effects of competition and cooperation on the asymmetry of intrapersonal knowledge that was not observed in Study 1 and individual differences related to the asymmetry of intrapersonal knowledge. Participants, in 47 pairs, were assigned to either the competitive or cooperation condition. Prior to the manipulation, questionnaires measuring private self-consciousness, independent self-construal and the asymmetry of intrapersonal knowledge were administered and the asymmetry of intrapersonal knowledge questionnaire was conducted after the manipulation. The asymmetry of intrapersonal knowledge was observed before the manipulation, and after the condition manipulation the asymmetry of intrapersonal knowledge was greater in the competitive condition than in the cooperative condition. Also, private self-consciousness and independent self-construal were correlated with intrapersonal perception. However, no moderating effect of the private self-consciousness and independent self-construal was observed.