Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.34 No.3
Abstract
The concern over jurors’ legal decisions under poor comprehension of judicial instruction led many legal psychologists to study ways of improving the understanding. The current study examined the effects of pre-test and preliminary instruction on the juror’s comprehension of the jury instruction. A total of 137 participants were randomly assigned to the four experimental conditions (control, pre-test only, pre-instruction only, pre-test & pre-instruction). To analyze the level of comprehension, we compared understanding scores, and signal detection theory (SDT) measures among the conditions. The experimental manipulation was given before the trial scenario. After the scenario, the judge’s instruction and the comprehension test were provided in all conditions. Regarding the understanding of ‘presumption of innocence’ and ‘evidence,’ the significant main effects of pre-test and preliminary instruction were observed. The hit rate and the sensitivity measure were higher when the methods to improve the comprehension of the instruction were presented, while the response bias measure was lowered. However, the improved understanding did not predict the verdict. In discussion, we discussed the implication of the results and the direction for the juror education to improve the knowledge of jury instruction.
Abstract
The purpose of this experimental research is to study the emotional development according to age by classifying representative emotion words and exploring the patterns of differentiation of emotional dimensions. In this research, 387 emotion words were gathered based on 5 preceding studies that selected a list of emotion words with different methods. In addition, 400 university students were recruited to repeatedly perform 8 classification tasks of emotion words based on similarities as well as classification of the resultant words, and 387 words were contracted into 216, 61, 52 and 48 words. In order to exclude errors caused by unfamiliar emotion words, the contracted 48 emotion words were resorted with 10 elementary school students so that common words for groups of various ages could be selected. As a result, 36 representative emotion words were finally chosen.
Abstract
The present study examined whether simple environmental cues associated with regulatory focus influence creative thoughts of children(N=52). Specifically, it was predicted that promotion cues would elicit a risky, explorative processing style and, hence, facilitate creativity, whereas prevention cues would elicit a risk-aversive, vigilant processing style and, hence, restrain creativity. The results showed that promotion-focus triggered by the cheese maze task facilitated creative thoughts, whereas prevention–focus induced by the owl maze task did not influence creativity. The roles of environmental cues such as paintings and pictures in developing creative thinking are discussed.
Abstract
Korean society is rapidly shifting to a more multiethnic and multicultural society and the perception on Korean identity may be changing as well. The current studies compared Koreans’ perceived importance of the components of Korean identity, focusing on Korean ethnicity and nationality. Specifically, we asked participants to compare between a group of non-ethnic Koreans who are Korean nationals (national group) and ethnic Koreans who are foreign nationals (ethnic group), in terms of each group’s perceived closeness to Korea and the likeability of each group. In Study 1 where we measured explicit attitude using a self-report measure, university students (N = 126, male = 48, mean age = 21.88) reported that national group felt more Korean and was more likeable than ethnic group. However, in Study 2 where we measured the students’ implicit attitude using IAT, ethnic group was more strongly associated with Korea (N = 65, male = 21, mean age = 22.39) and was seen in a more positive light (N = 65, male = 24, mean age = 22.43). These results help us understand Koreans’ psychological complexities when facing the shift toward a more multiethnic and multicultural society.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among childhood abuse trauma, perceived spousal support, active stress-coping styles and fathering practices of male ex-offenders with adolescent children. Data obtained from a sample of 190 male ex-offenders was analyzed by SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results indicated that childhood abuse trauma had a direct effect on fathering practice. Second, perceived spousal support and active stress-coping styles separately mediated the effect of childhood abuse trauma on fathering practices. Third, the serial-mediation effect of perceived spousal support and active stress-coping styles on the relationship between childhood abuse trauma and fathering practices was significant. The findings of this study suggest that the support from ex-offenders’ spouse plays a significant role in the reintegration of the family as well as reentry. Suggestions for future research were discussed.