Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
- P-ISSN1229-0653
- KCI
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Vol.38 No.4
Abstract
In this study, we aim to understand the psychological aspects of death by examining the effects of the cause of death on the posthumous impressions of individuals. Specifically, we explored how impressions are formed regarding perceived likability, perceived competence, perceived morality, perceived warmth, the perceived value of the individual's life, and the sense of longing for the target when a moral or immoral figure experiences accidental or natural death, or stays alive. We hypothesized that the target would be evaluated more positively when they are deceased compared to when they are alive due to death positivity bias and more positively when experiencing accidental death (vs. natural death). The results showed a death positivity bias in all impression variables except warmth. Additionally, the target was perceived as more competent and having higher life value when passed away due to accidental death compared to natural death. Furthermore, we examined how the fairness of the cause of death is perceived based on the target's morality, and how the perceived fairness influences impressions. It was found that natural death was perceived as the fairer cause of death when the target was moral, while accidental death was perceived as fairer when the target was immoral. Moreover, the more participants considered the cause of death to be fair, the more positively they evaluated the target. Lastly, contrary to previous studies suggesting cultural worldview endorsement as the mechanism of death positivity bias, we raised questions and discussed the ambiguity of cultural worldview interpretations in death positivity bias research. This study contributes by confirming that impression formation can extend to posthumous contexts, exploring and discovering psychological phenomena stemming from the cause of death.
Abstract
In the present study, the validity scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) of the true victim group and the fake victim group were used to determine the cutoff points for discriminating between the two groups of adults in their twenties. PAI scores of true crime victims who participated in a victim assessment system in Korea (true victim group, n = 99, approximately 90% of females) were provided by the National Police Agency, and PAI scores were collected from community members who had never been victimized. Some of the community members were instructed to fake victimization (fake victim group, n = 65, approximately 60% of females), and the others were instructed to answer honestly about their current status (normal group, n = 54, approximately 55% of females). Results showed that the fake victim group had statistically significantly higher T-scores on the infrequency (INF) and negative impression (NIM) scales than the true victim group. For the INF, a T-score of 60-66 had the highest accuracy and lowest false negative rate. Using 61 T-score points on the NIM scale as the cutoff point provided the most accurate discrimination between true and fake victims, with an accuracy rate of .69. In addition, using 84 T-score points on the NIM scale as the cutoff point, which can minimize the false negative rate, reduced the false negative rate to 8%, and the accuracy rate was .64. Compared with the normal group, the PAI clinical scale profiles of the true and fake victim groups were similar, but the fake victim group scored approximately 4 to 20 T-score points higher than the true victim group on the scales of physical appeal (SOM), paranoia (PAR), schizophrenia (SCZ), antisocial traits (ANT), and alcohol problems (ALC). The implications for the use of the PAI in the Korean Victim Assessment System were discussed.
Abstract
This study examined the temporal changes in fear and anxiety related to COVID-19 infection and investigated which demographic variables were expected to influence latetnc class classification. Additionally, investigated perceived stress, non-dailiness experiences, distrust of others due to COVID-19, and differences in life satisfaction among these groups. To achieve this, we conducted five rounds of online surveys from April 2020 to February 2022 with a sample of 600 adults, and performed Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). The analysis revealed a model with four groups (Stable (Group 1), Low Anxiety (Group 2), High Anxiety (Group 3), Unstable (Group 4)) as the most fitting. Furthermore, demographic variables influencing the classification of fear and anxiety latent groups were identified. Women were more likely to belong to the High Anxiety and Unstable groups, while older age correlated with higher likelihood of belonging to the Stable and High Anxiety groups. Having children and cohabitating with older adults also increased the likelihood of belonging to the High Anxiety and Unstable groups. Lastly, differences between groups in variable analysis showed that the High Anxiety and Unstable groups exhibited higher levels of perceived stress and distrust of others with the Unstable group experiencing more non-routine experiences compared to the High Anxiety group. The Stable group demonstrated the highest level of life satisfaction. Based on these study findings, implications and discussion points were presented.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of social connectedness, social identity, and social comparison on social well-being, with the objective of discussing psychosocial strategies to enhance social well-being and providing foundational data for such interventions. To this end, Study 1 employed a survey to statistically examine the relationships between the variables, and mediation analysis was conducted to gain a more precise understanding of these relationships. Study 2 involved an experimental approach to determine the causal effects of social connectedness and social comparison on social well-being, and to test for the presence of interaction effects. The primary findings of the study are as follows: First, social connectedness and Korean social identity were found to have a positive impact on social well-being, with Korean social identity fully mediating the relationship between social connectedness and social well-being. Second, while the main effects of social connectedness and social comparison on social well-being and social identity were confirmed, no interaction effects between these two variables were observed. Specifically, higher levels of social connectedness were associated with more positive reports of social well-being and social identity. Additionally, downward comparison with past Korean society resulted in the most favorable outcomes for social well-being. These findings highlight the importance of social well-being, a concept that has received relatively little attention, and provide empirical evidence on the effects of key variables—social connectedness, social identity, and social comparison—thus offering a foundation for the development of strategies aimed at enhancing social well-being.
Abstract
In the present research, we examined how individuals weigh 4 key dimensions of person perception (competence, warmth, morality, attractiveness) in judgments of human value and whether evaluators’ level of well-being moderates these judgments. Participants in the U.S. (Study 1) and South Korea (Study 2) assigned social credit scores to 8 versions of a target, described as possessing positive or negative traits on each of the 4 dimensions. In both Studies 1 and 2, the valuation difference between the positive and negative conditions was greatest for the morality dimension, indicating that valuations were influenced most by moral considerations. Importantly, this effect was moderated by evaluators’ well-being (happiness), such that the weight given to moral information was amplified among those who reported higher (vs. lower) well-being. Together, our findings suggest that morality figures most prominently in human valuations, and more so for happy individuals.