This study was intended to investigate differences in relations of job stressors to job stress between male and female managers. Data were collected 99 male managers and 102 female managers in various service organizations. 15 job stressors and 3 job stress variables were measured. Correlational analyses showed that among female managers more various job stressors were correlated with job stress. Particularly job burnout was only significantly correlated to work-family conflict for the male group, but was correlated to 12 job stressors. Results of multiple regression analyses showed that there were differences in explaining job stress between male and female managers. Generally 15 job stressors explained more variances of job stress for the female group. Role ambiguity was most significant job stressor in explaining job stress for the male group. However, for the female group, role overload and emotional labor were most significant job stressors in explaining job stress. Finally, implications, limitations of this study, and suggestions for the future study were discussed. .
Since Korean government launched anti-smoking programs in 2001 with an aim to reduce smoking rates in Korea, diverse anti-smoking policies and regulations have been implemented. The Ministry of Health and Welfare set up community-based smoking cessation clinics and announced guidelines for their programs early this year(2005). The author intends to contribute to improvement and quality control of smoking cessation programs hoping their successful implementation. This paper provides an update on developments in understanding smoking cessation interventions over the past half decade and reviews and comments the guidelines for administrators and clinicians in the field of smoking cessation.
The purpose of the present study is to explore whether some psychological factors have influence on the drinking behaviors of college students. For this purpose, this study was conducted to investigate whether perceived stress of college students have influence on the drinking motives, and drinking motives moderated by perceived social support, then they would affect the frequency of drinking and amount of alcohol consumed. The participants of this study were 316 college students. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the lover, future and friend stressors on perceived stressors significantly predicted drinking motives. While coping and conformity motives on the drinking motives found to be significant predictors of drinking frequency, social and enhancement motives on drinking motives found to be significant predictors of alcohol-consumption. The structural equation modeling on the stress, drinking motives, drinking behaviors showed that only path from drinking motives to drinking behaviors is significant. Moreover interaction effect between stress and drinking motives and between drinking motives and social support for the drinking behaviors were not found. This results showed that drinking motives was significant factor on drinking frequency and alcohol consumption, and perceived stressors activated specific drinking motive, but social support was not moderator to explain drinking behaviors. More discussions about this study' limitation and further research ideas were suggested.
The purpose of this study is to find out children's psychological characteristics such as academic self-concept, social support evaluation and depression connected with extra curricular activities stress, and to understand the psychological mechanism caused by high extra curricular activities stress and to develop an effective plan to decrease negative aspects in the extra curricular activities stress. The survey was done for 753 5th and 6th graders in primary schools in Seoul, Kyounggi ＆ Incheon area, who are participating in extra curricular activities. As a result, a significant difference was found in psychological characteristics between the high level group and the low level group of the extra curricular activities stress. The high level group showed lower score in the rest of academic self concept and social support, demonstrated high score in the result of depression. According to this result, children who recognize the extra curricular activities stress highly are apt to have anxiety in the class situation, and emotional depression. Ancova analysis was carried out to compare the two groups, in the numbers and hours of extra curricula activities, and in the perception levels and psychological characteristics connected with this. This time the control variable was set to academic self-concept which is a predicative indicator for grade point level. In a condition excluding the academic self-concept, namely the class grade, children who spend more time in the extra curricular activities had more higher level of the extra curricular activities stress. It is important to understand he psychological mechanism of extra curricular activities stress and to develop an effective plan to decrease negative effect of it. This study shows how to carry out effective intervention for preventing children's psychological problem caused by the extra curricular activities stress.
This study examined the risk(stress, depression, hopelessness) and protective factors(optimism, self-efficacy, social support) for suicidal ideations of Korean adolescents, and also investigated the moderating effects of sex and developmental period on their risk and protective factors. 1,022 Korean junior and senior high school students(male, N=490; female, N=532) participated in a self-report questionnaire survey. Results of the study showed that ‘life stress’, ‘depression’ and ‘hopelessness’ were related positively with suicidal ideations both in the simple correlation and regression analysis. On the other hand, ‘optimism’ and ‘self-efficacy’, which showed a negative relationship in simple correlation, showed an insignificant or positive relation with suicidal ideations in the regression analysis. But ‘social support’ negatively related with suicidal ideation both in the simple correlation and regression analysis. Risk and protective factors for suicidal ideations did not moderated by sex. Otherwise, the developmental period showed a significant moderating effect on stress and social support. Life stress influence much more on the suicidal ideation for junior high school students than senior high school students. On the other hand, social support influenced much more on the suicidal ideation for senior high school students than junior high school students. Finally, results of the study were discussed in relation with implications for interventions of adolescent's suicide and previous studies.
The purpose of the study was to develop the Korean Index of Homophobia, based on Hudson & Ricketts(1980)' Index of homophobia and examine its reliability and validity. The subject of this study consisted 231 students. The results were as follows. First, Scale of Korean Homophobia had appropriate internal reliability. Second, factor analysis study of the Scale of Korean Homophobia confirmed that one factor model. Third, concurrent validity was significant with other Homophobic sale. And Openness and Psychoticism were significant correlated with homophobia.
The current study was conducted to examine the reliability and validity of a Korean translation of BDI-Y (Beck Depression Inventory-Youth). Participants were 105 students (50 boys and 55 girls) attending elementary schools in Seoul and Kyungki-do. The students were predominantly in grades 4 through 6. The comparison group for the current study consisted of 61 children (30 boys and 31 girls) who visited psychiatric clinic due to depressive symptoms and received DSM-IV diagnosis of mood disorders. The Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory-Youth produced high internal consistency reliabilities with alpha coefficients of .92. Results of factor analysis showed that two factors were appropriate to describe the underlying dimensions of the inventory. The first factor included the items regarding negative attitude. The second factor was related to depressed mood and somatic symptoms. The Korean Beck Depression Inventory-Youth showed significant correlations with other measures to evaluate depression. The comparison group yielded higher scores on the Beck Inventory than normal children. No significant differences were found between boys and girls on all measures included. The Beck Inventory scores obtained by children were significantly correlated with teachers' ratings of children's behavior. Limitations of this study and suggestions for future study were also discussed.