Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.29 No.3
Abstract
Research on the relation between pornography use and sex offense has been increasing. Previous studies have focused on identifying the covariates of pornography use, but recent research on the predictive utility of pornography use for sex offense, or vice versa, has been emerging. We examined the criminogenic factors of sex offense predicting pornography use with sex offenders in this study. We have found that hypersexuality predicted adult pornography use, child pornography use, and violent pornography use. Sexual arousal toward child predicted child pornography use. Sexual sadism toward child predicted violent pornography. Aggression-related factors such as fantasies of hurting other people, propensity of physical fighting also predicted violent pornography. These findings were discussed with implications of practicing the sex offender treatment.
Abstract
When societal crises occur(e.g., natural disasters, politically motivated assassination, or mass killings during anti-government movements), people express their thoughts and emotions with others in person or via social media. This is referred to as social sharing. Our study aimed to find out how social sharing mediates the memory of such major events and the individuals’ capacity to integrate those events into their personal identity(i.e., event centrality). Specifically, we explored the differences among memory characteristics (vividness, emotional intensity, and emotional valence) as they are mediated by social sharing which eventually may help or hinder the individual to integrate those events into their personal lives. We also hypothesized that there would be a difference between the individuals who perceive that they directly experienced the event (e.g., had be present at the scene, was a victim or knew the victim closely) versus those who were indirectly affected (e.g., watched on the news). We developed a questionnaire of Korean major societal events experience, and used the scales from Memory Experience Questionnaire (Sutin & Robins, 2007) and Central Event Scale (Bernsten & Rubin, 2006) to test for our hypotheses. A perceived direct exposure group was n=286, and indirect exposure group was n=532. Results from the multi-group analysis using structural equation modeling showed that social sharing fully mediated vividness and the event centrality in a indirect exposure group only. And social sharing partially mediated emotional intensity and event centrality in both groups. Especially, in a perceived direct exposure group, the effect of emotional intensity on social sharing is more high than a indirect exposure group. In the case of negative emotional valence, a perceived direct exposure group showed full mediation effect whereas indirect exposure group did not. Further discussion is included regarding.
Abstract
This article is aimed to investigate the influences of user motivation on flow and happiness in the activity of social media. Also the mediating role of flow in the relation of user motivation and user happiness is to be identified. On this purpose, user motivation in social media was divided into 3 sub-dimensions as social motivation, functional motivation and hedonic motivation. The differentials of 3 motivations above in the relationships among motivation, flow and happiness was checked out too. Social motivation and hedonic motivation in social media had significant positive influences on flow and happiness and the flow mediated the relation of motivation and happiness. But the functional motivation showed no significant influence on the flow and happiness. These findings imply that only the motivations involving spontaneous and autotelic characteristics enough have plausibility to induce flow and happiness user experiences in time of social media and the mediating effect of flow can amplify the scope of happiness.
Abstract
This study aims to examine if the stability of self-report measures vary with culture. People from East Asian countries are generally assumed to behave more flexibly in different interpersonal contexts and to put less emphasis on the stability of one’s self-image as compared to Westerners. It is hypothesized that this difference is related to the stability of self-report measures and would be explained by interdependence. A questionnaire study was conducted with 257 Korean and 196 German college students. Both samples were divided in two subsamples according to their level of interdependence. Data on the retest-reliability of self-report measures were collected through the repeated assessment of 6 NEO-PI-R scales: warmth, gregariousness. altruism, modesty, dutifulness and self-discipline. There was a one-month interval between the two measurements. Retest-reliability coefficients were transformed into the Fisher’s Z scores, and data analysis was carried out for these scores by one-tailed z-tests. Our results partially support the assumption of cultural effects on the stability of self-report measures. For the altruism scale, retest-reliability was significantly lower in the subsample with a higher level of interdependence both in Korea and in Germany. For the modesty, dutifulness and self-discipline scale Retest-reliability was significantly lower in students from Korea who also showed higher level of interdependence. The results were discussed in terms of interdependence.
Abstract
Higgins(1997) proposed regulatory focus theory comprises two types of motivation formed by one's personal experience. In this research, the RFQ(Regulatory Focus Questionnaire), the chronic regulatory focus scale, developed by Higgins, Friedman, Harlow, Idson, Ayduk, and Taylor(2001), was well interpreted in Korean and validated. In study 1-a(N=208) and 1-b(N=225), corresponding factor structure was found by exploratory factor analysis. Two items, however, were judged inappropriate to Korean culture through content review, then removed. In study 2-a(N=274), confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit indices, and convergent and discriminant validity were proved with BIS/BAS, HEXACO, self-esteem, self-interpretation and general self-efficacy. Lastly, In study 3(repeated measured, N=120 of study 2-b), criterion related validity was confirmed by showing that RFQ predicts social desirability, self-deceptive enhancement, image management, and leisure engagement significantly. The main findings and discussions of the results were well explained.
Abstract
People are motivated to rationalize the world and the system that they live in (Jost & Banaji, 1994), and those with higher levels of this system justification motive are less likely to support social change. Meanwhile, primed emotions unrelated to a given target can influence perceptions and judgments involving that target (Lerner & Keltner, 2000). Therefore it is possible that primed emotions unrelated to the system affect the degree of system justification, and in turn change the willingness to protest against the system. To test this, we had participants watch a short video clip to induce one of four emotions (anger, sadness, happiness, and fear), and measured system justification as well as the willingness to protest against the status quo. As predicted, anger-induced participants justified the system less than those who were primed with fear or happiness. Although the direct effect of emotion priming on the willingness to protest was not significant, the indirect effect through system justification was. The result confirms that incidental emotions can influence how people construe the reality and the motivation to change it.
Abstract
Elementary students and their homeroom teacher share the most of school life. The interaction between homeroom teacher and students forms “classroom climate”, which can influence student's school adjustment, school satisfaction, and school happiness as a unique organizational climate. This study analyzed the influence of student-teacher attachment and classroom climate on students' school happiness using hierarchical linear model. Results confirmed the influence of student-teacher attachment and classroom climate on school happiness as not only individual unit predictors (level-1) but also organizational unit predictors (level-2). The magnitude of student-teacher attachment and classroom climate was similar at the individual unit (level-1), whereas the magnitude of student-teacher attachment was greater than that of classroom climate at the organizational unit (level-2). In addition, cross-level interaction was found between student-teacher attachment (level-1) and classroom climate (level-2). It supports the buffering effect of positive classroom climate for students who feel difficulties in student-teacher attachment. Implications of the study and suggestions for future research were discussed.
Abstract
This study examined the relation between self-enhancement bias and academic achievement. A total of 135 undergraduate students in the United States completed an online questionnaire battery during the first month of the semester. We asked participants to rate their academic ability relative to their high school and college peers and also retrieved their high school GPA and ACT scores. Participants also completed a measure of narcissism and rated how important it is to academically succeed. Self-enhancement bias was then calculated by the discrepancy between self-perceived academic ability and actual academic ability as assessed by high school GPA and ACT. Academic achievement was assessed by college GPA at the end of the semester. Self-perceived academic ability was positively related to academic achievement. However, self-enhancement bias had a negative curvilinear relation with academic achievement. In other words, perceiving oneself in an overly positive or negative manner was associated with low academic achievement. This relation remained significant controlling for narcissism and importance of academic success. This study demonstrated that self-enhancement bias and positive self-perception are two different concepts that led to different results. The importance of distinguishing self-enhancement bias from positive self-perception is discussed.
Abstract
This study explored the factors influencing the North Korean Refugees’ attitude to multicultual groups in South Korea. For this purpose, 273 North Korean defectors completed a questionnaire including attitude toward the multicultural groups including women who immigrated for marriage, the children of international marriage couples, and the foreign laborers in South Korea, realistic conflict perception, Korean identity, perception of social discrimination, and life satisfaction. The results revealed that there was no strong effect of sex and age, the effect of contact appeared partially in the factors of the positive attitude toward the women who immigrated for marriage and the children of international marriage couples. The attitudes toward women who immigrated for marriage and the children of international marriage couples were better than foreign laborers. In addition, life satisfaction and Korean identity were found to have a major effect on the positive attitude toward multicultural groups, negative attitude was affected by realistic conflict perception and perception of social discrimination, feeling of pity was affected by perception of social discrimination, and social distance was affected by multiple factors depending on the sub-groups.