Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.22 No.1
Abstract
This study tested the validity of the IDI (Intercultural Development Inventory) which measures the developmental stage of intercultural sensitivity based on the DMIS (Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity) in Korea. One-hundred and thirty-four college students, 50 adults, and 32 multicultural specialists answered a questionnaire which included the items for the IDI, openness, uncertainty avoidance, authoritarianism, and multicutural experiences. The factor analysis of the IDI revealed 7 factors in Korea instead of the 5 factors in America. The factors were Denial, Defense, Reversal, Minimization, Acceptance, Adaptation, and Encapsulated Marginality all of which fit the theoretical structure of the DMIS. Tests for convergent and discriminant validity as well as criterion validity of the IDI showed reasonably high validity levels for administration in Korea. The paper discusses the caution to be taken on the administration and interpretation of the IDI, and the need to develop a new test to measure the intercultural sensitivity of Koreans in their cultural context.
Abstract
The present research was conducted 1) to explore the change pattern of societal anxiety and 2) to examine the major anxiety-inducing issues in Korean society. In study 1, we surveyed 301 respondents about their perceptions of societal anxiety and anxiety-inducing issues at various times. In study 2, we analyzed newspaper articles that dealt with societal anxiety published between 1973 and the present. Data analysis shows that survey respondents recalled a gradual increase in societal anxiety but predicted a decrease in societal anxiety in the future. This change pattern of subjective experience of social anxiety was supported by newspaper analysis in Study 2. The number of articles about social anxiety induced increased from the past to present. We discussed some practical implications of the present findings.
Abstract
The present research was conducted 1) to explore the change pattern of societal anxiety and 2) to examine the major anxiety-inducing issues in Korean society. In study 1, we surveyed 301 respondents about their perceptions of societal anxiety and anxiety-inducing issues at various times. In study 2, we analyzed newspaper articles that dealt with societal anxiety published between 1973 and the present. Data analysis shows that survey respondents recalled a gradual increase in societal anxiety but predicted a decrease in societal anxiety in the future. This change pattern of subjective experience of social anxiety was supported by newspaper analysis in Study 2. The number of articles about social anxiety induced increased from the past to present. We discussed some practical implications of the present findings
Abstract
This study investigated whether self-evaluation is influenced by superior or inferior others. In addition, on the basis of the perspective that self-improvement motive is dominant among people from collectivistic cultures and self-enhancement motive is dominant among people from individualistic cultures, the role of cultural difference was also explored. For this purpose, with the design of 2 (success / failure experience) × 2 (upward / downward comparison) × 2 (high / low frequency of comparison), the effects of those variables on global self-evaluation were tested among Korean and American college students. The main results were as follows: Koreans' self-evaluation after upward comparison was not affected by experiences of success and failure. Meanwhile, self-evaluation after downward comparison were lowered by experiencing failure. In addition, their self-evaluation got lowered by frequent upward comparison after experiencing success and by frequent downward comparison after experiencing failure. American students' self-evaluation after downward comparison was not affected by the frequency of comparison. However, self-evaluation after upward comparison increased through frequent comparisons. Additionally, global self-evaluation got higher by the frequency of upward comparison after experiencing failure. Finally, results of the present study were discussed in line with previous research and the limitations of this study and the implications for future studies were discussed.
Abstract
This study examined the factor structure of the Coping through Understanding and Expression of Emotion Scale through a robust exploratory factor analysis with a large scale of college student sample (N=905) as well as a confirmatory factor analysis with another sample of college students (N=287). The results favored a 4-factor solution (regulated understanding, masked expressing, vented expressing, and regulated expressing) over the original 5-factor solution. Additionally, with the second sample, cluster analysis entering the four factors as the clustering variables was conducted to identify natural groupings of people in terms of their use of emotion-focused coping. The cluster analysis along with MANOVA results suggest the presence of four clusters (high regulating group, low emotional-coping group, high masked- expressing group, and high vented-expressing group) and the four groups significantly differ on their scores across various psychological symptoms. Particularly, high vented-expressing group reveals the most elevated symptoms among the four groups, which indicates that people venting emotions would experience more psychological distress.
Abstract
This study developed a risk assessment tool for measuring severity of wife abuse. The development and application of this measurement tool aims to prevent women from lethality of abusive intimate partner relationship, especially domestic violence. In order to accomplish this purpose, first, the risk factors for wife abuse were selected based on a comprehensive literature review and an interview of Korea Women's Hot Line's counselors. Then theses risk factors were constructed to be the preliminary form of WARA (Wife Abuse Risk Assessment). In order to evaluate the validity indexes of WARA, Pearson correlations between the WARA and SARA, DAS, PCL-R was calculated. As a result, WARA was significantly correlated with SARA, DAS, PCL-R. ROC analysis was applied to produce a cutoff-score discriminating high risk group from low and medium risk groups. Consequently, WARA presented to have good discriminating power among criterion groups. Finally, it was discussed how to use this assessment tool for criminal justice professionals to predict lethality of domestic violence.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find variables that influence self-handicapping. After the survey, hypotheses are proved. The implicit belief of intelligence, goal orientation, parenting style, self- efficacy, and fear of appraisal influenced self-handicapping. A person who believed intelligence was fixed and had validation-seeking goal used more self-handicapping. As a result of path analysis, I found that implicit belief of intelligence and goal orientation mediated the effects of parenting style on self- handicapping. This study implies that the outcome-oriented parental style reinforces the belief of fixed intelligence, validation-seeking goal and fosters children's fear of appraisal as a result. However effort-oriented parenting style reinforces the belief that intelligence is improved by efforts, and fosters growth-seeking goal. High self-handicapper uses self-handicapping as a means of avoiding the appraisal of ability. In conclusion, this study suggests that parents' effort-oriented parenting style is important in order to enhance achievement motivation.
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the relationship between interest and flow in children. Before the analysis of the relationship, content analysis of implicit knowledge of interest based on the survey of elementary school students was conducted. Based on the content analysis interest questionnaire was made. An exploratory factor analysis showed 3 factors in academic settings：feeling good, comfort, and satisfaction. The 3 factor model was further analyzed to confirm the validity in game settings. Before analysing the relationship between Interest and Flow, the data were analyzed with paired samples t-test, which showed that students were more interested in computer related games than study while they experienced more flow in studying than doing computer games. Correlation between flow and interest was significant. The detailed analysis reveals that the ‘feeling good' factor was more related with flow in both academic and game settings than 'comfort' and 'satisfaction' factors.
Abstract
This study explored the predicting variables affecting the addictive mobile phone use. The specific purposes of this study were to explore 1) the related variables on 7 factors of demographic, psychological, interpersonal relationship, personality, leisure-environmental, media-specific and so on differed between the addictive use group and general use group of mobile phone. 2) the significant predicting variables affecting the addictive mobile use. 3) the most important factor and the variable affecting the additive mobile phone use, A sample of 1,646 from middle school students between the ages of 12 to 40, who uses mobile phone completed a questionnaire survey. First, significant predicting variables of the addictive mobile phone use were depression, personal expenses, recreational reason, imitation, sending frequency of text message, age, instrumental reason, income, number of friends, passive strategies for stress variables. Specially, depression variable was the most important variable in predicting the addictive mobile phone use. Second, media-specific factor appeared the highest explaining value(R2) than any other factors in predicting the addictive mobile phone use. On the bases of the results of this study, variables related to the addictive mobile phone use and their possible interventions were discussed.
Abstract
A strong link exists between trait extraversion and positive affect (Diener & Lucas, 1999). However, Fleeson, Malanos, & Achille (2002) have recently found that acting extravertedly can also boost positive effect even among dispositionally introverted individuals. Three studies were conducted to examine the interactive influence of trait extraversion and extraverted behavior on positive affect among Korean college students. In Study 1, we found that people spontaneously choose personality congruent situations in everyday life settings, such as when they decide to appear as a participant on a TV program. Extraverted people were drawn more to a show program, whereas a quiz program attracted highly open individuals. In Study 2, consistent with Fleeson et al.(2002), behaving in an extraverted manner accentuated positive affect even among introverts. Finally, the amount of positive affect experienced when engaging in varying levels of extraverted actions depended on the person's trait extraversion level. Implications for understanding the co-influence of the trait-level and behavioral expressions of extraversion on positive affect are discussed.
Abstract
Whereas previous studies on self-rating had focused on culture as a static trait, the present study investigated through two experiments conducted in the U.S. and Korea if the self-rating would differ between two culture priming conditions. Experiment 1 measured the self-rating through a self-report method, whereas Experiment 2 measured the self-rating through the participants' performance in an analytic reasoning task. The results of analyses demonstrated that the self-rating varied on primed cultural situations. The results support the Dynamic Constructivist Theory of culture and provide the discussions for the question that situationally prime culture is as influential as the criteria culture on individuals' behaviors.