Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.25 No.1
Abstract
The present research aimed to investigate cognition of Korean college students for six foreigner groups(American, Southeast Asian, Japanese, Chinese, Ethnic Koreans in China, and North Korean Defector). To pursue this aim, 82 college students were asked to response to several open-ended questions. The content of their responses were analysed. it indicated that cognition of Korean undergraduates for foreigners consisted of 6 categories such as appearance and physical attractiveness, character, lifestyle, relations with Koreans, competence, country background and environmental conditions. Given these findings, 158 items were constructed and administered to 300 undergraduates to rate the six foreigner groups. Factor analyses showed that factor structure of appearance and physical attractiveness consists of charming appearance, neat appearance and negative appearance. Factor structure of character consists of fluid trait, fixed trait, selfishness and braveness. Factor structure of lifestyle consists of secular attitude, honest attitude, passive attitude and collectivism. Factor structure of relations with Koreans consists of superiority, sense of distance, inferiority and sense of friendship. Factor structure of competence consists of speciality & ability and economic capacity. Factor structure of country background and environmental conditions consists of country condition and social problem. So we found 19 cognition factors for foreigner groups. Firnally, it was found that differences between groups were significant for each factor score. These findings were discussed in historial and cultural contexts.
Abstract
The present study examined the influence of CSI type programs on general perceptions of forensic evidence and the effects of DNA expert testimony on legal decisions between Korean prosecutors and lay persons. The results indicated that lay persons who watch CSI type programs were more likely to perceive that most forensic science evidence as reliable when compared to prosecutors, but watching CSI type programs had no significant influence on guilty verdict. Presentation of DNA evidence by the prosecution increased the probability of producing guilty verdict but cross-examination and an opposing expert testimony by defense decreased the probability of producing guilty verdict. Implications for use of forensic science evidence in trials are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between truthful and deceptive responses detecting cognitive load underlying the basis of the cognitive model of lie generation by cognitive processing of central nervous system by EEG beta spectrum analysis. To test this, 20 male university students (11 guilty participants, 9 innocents) answered the differentiation of deception-question paradigm manipulating cognitive load (instruction: truth response vs. truth-reverse response) and to perform the 3D simulated mock-crime scenario in this experiment. Results showed that guilty participants had higher beta power activity when they were instructed to answer as truth-reverse response than truth response for crime-relevant questions whereas innocents didn't. As results of increasing cognitive load underlying lie using a truth-reverse response to crime-relevant question, liars reacted with significantly greater beta power activity as an index of cognitive demand. These findings provide useful information and evidence of cognitive processing underlying deception by scientific measurement of cognitive load and also lead to a better validity of lie detection.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a Suggestibility Scale for Primary School Children in Korea(SS-PSCK) by modifying the procedure and the content of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale(Gudjonsson, 1984, 1987), and to test the convergent validity of the scale. The modification of the measurement procedure included a new procedure implemented to minimize the effect of the strength of memory trace on the suggestibility score. The modification of the scale content involved replacing the Shift subscale, which has been known to be unreliable, with misinformation questions to measure misinformation effect which is one of the most important phenomena suggestive of suggestibility. 57 primary school children were measured with the new scale. And those who obtained high suggestibility scores and low suggestibility scores participated in the experiment designed to test the convergent validity of the scale. The internal consistency reliability(KR20) of the SS-PSCK was 0.76. In the validity experiment, the high suggestibility group made more errors in answering suggestive questions than did the low suggestibility group. The results were discussed for theoretical implications for the construct of suggestibility and practical implications for the investigations of crimes either committed against or witnessed by children.
Abstract
Attractiveness similarity ratings and shape similarity ratings for the faces of actual and of random couples (produced from wedding pictures of Koreans) were analyzed. Both attractiveness similarity and shape similarity of actual couples were higher than those of random couples. Differences in the attractiveness similarity between actual and random couples based on attractiveness ratings on single faces were not significant but the result patterns were consistent with Attractiveness Matching hypothesis. Differences in the shape similarity between actual and random couples based on categorization of single faces into one of seven categories (circle, oval,square, rectangle, diamond, triangle, and inverted triangle) were not significant, but the result patterns were also consistent with the Matching Principle. Results were interpreted as partial support for Similarity-Attraction or Assortative Mating hypothesis, especially for Mere-Exposure Effect explanation (Hinsz, 1989) or Imprinting explanation rather than Zajonc et al's (1987) Emotional Efference explanation.
Abstract
A concise, culturally nuanced 9-item subjective well-being scale is introduced. The measure includes 3 positive and negative emotion items, respectively, representing high, medium, and low levels of arousal. Satisfaction is measured in three separate domains of life—personal, relational, and collective. This Concise Measure of Subjective Well-Being (COMOSWB) shows strong levels of reliability (internal, test-retest) and clear patterns of convergent and discriminant validity. Compared to existing measures of happiness, the COMOSWB adds interdependent aspects in measuring satisfaction and includes emotion items that are more balanced in terms of arousal level.
Abstract
The present research was conducted to examine how positive and negative life events affect happiness and effect of frequency of the events on happiness. The life events were categorized into a relation focused event and a individual focused event based on cultural perspective and it was examined how the two categorized events affected happiness. In survey, 361 respondents reported how 30 positive and 30 negative events affected their happiness and the frequency of the events. Then, they rated their perceived happiness. In results, getting pocket money or salary was the most influential event and chatting with friends was the most frequent event in the positive events. In the negative events, anxiety of unemployment was the most influential and frequent event. And the positive events were positively correlated with perceived happiness, while the negative events were negatively correlated with happiness. Finally, the relation focused event was a significant predictor of perceived happiness in the positive events. However, the individual focused event was a significant predictor of perceived happiness in the negative events. Some practical implications of the present findings are discussed.
Abstract
With the emergence of information age, the environment in which the criminal justice system and national security agencies operate changes. Due to this transition, expertise and scientific capacity are heavily emphasized. Yet, unlike governments like the United States, the Korean government still ignores the use of highly qualified civilian experts within the public sector. Therefore, this report suggests the use of these highly qualified civilian experts within the government sector especially related to criminal justice and national security by using content analysis of various literature. This report proposes a policy suggestion that effectively responses to the transition of criminal justice and national security environment. Also, this study proposes how highly qualified civilian experts can be effectively utilized in today's rapidly changing social environment. It discusses systematic and concrete guidelines which can identify and manage civilian experts in various fields who can significantly contribute to the productivity of various government agencies. For doing so, this study analyzes the U.S. practice of use of highly qualified civilian experts for its various government sectors related to criminal justice and national security. Then, it suggests some lessons that can be learnt by comparing the U.S. case with the current Korean government practices.
Abstract
In this study, we performed cluster analysis based on the distinctive sixteen crime methods rapists left in the crime scene. As results of cluster analysis produces six clusters that cans represent individual rapist. Specifically,each cluster of rapists appropriately reflect the characteristics and traits of rape as well as demographic and criminogenic variables. The first cluster has distinctive characteristics such as serial pattern, adults as victims, invasion, unique sex attempts and robbery in crime stage. The second cluster is revealed that the rapists are not serial, choose adults as victims, invade into the place of residence, rape without unique sex attempts and robber from victims. The third cluster appears to be serial, choose adults as victims, occur without invasion, rape without unique sex attempts, run away without robbery. The fourth cluster is exposed to be serial, for adults as victims, occur without invasion and rape without unique sex attempts. The fifth cluster is reveal to be not be serial, offend adults as victims, rape without unique sex attempts and robber from victims. The sixth cluster is exposed to be serial, choose the young or juvenile as victims, occur without invasion, rape without unique sex attempts and run away without robbery. The six clusters also differ from various criminogenic variables such as crime motive, criminal record, age, the place residence, frequency of alcoholic drink, marriage, sexual habit, complex, thoughts and so on.