Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.27 No.2
Abstract
Does money change people? Based on circular model of social values(Schwartz, 1992) and previous research (i.e., Bauer et al., 2012), this study aimed to investigate explicit and implicit attitudes toward the elderly of young Korean and German students while activating the concept of money in two separate cultural settings. In Study 1 (N = 207, 41.3% Koreans), a survey was conducted to compare explicit attitudes toward the elderly between Korean and German students. According to the results, negative attitudes toward male seniors were most dominant in both cultures, while female seniors and young people were perceived overall positively. Study 2 (N = 45, 46.7% Koreans) examined whether money priming has a differential impact on young people’s ability to behave egalitarian toward seniors. Participants filled out a questionnaire about their summer vacation either in a money prime condition, in which a picture of dollar bills was displayed, or in a control condition without any picture. To assess differences in negative stereotyping of the elderly between different cultures, an implicit association test was conducted. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between money priming and culture. Negative implicit attitudes toward the elderly were stronger among Korean students in a money priming condition than among German students, while these cultural differences were not significant in a control condition. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the possibility that the activation of the concept of money associated with rash industrialization may impair people’s ability to respect the elderly and elicit big changes in human behavior in Asian culture.
Abstract
Does money change people? Based on circular model of social values(Schwartz, 1992) and previous research (i.e., Bauer et al., 2012), this study aimed to investigate explicit and implicit attitudes toward the elderly of young Korean and German students while activating the concept of money in two separate cultural settings. In Study 1 (N = 207, 41.3% Koreans), a survey was conducted to compare explicit attitudes toward the elderly between Korean and German students. According to the results, negative attitudes toward male seniors were most dominant in both cultures, while female seniors and young people were perceived overall positively. Study 2 (N = 45, 46.7% Koreans) examined whether money priming has a differential impact on young people's ability to behave egalitarian toward seniors. Participants filled out a questionnaire about their summer vacation either in a money prime condition, in which a picture of dollar bills was displayed, or in a control condition without any picture. To assess differences in negative stereotyping of the elderly between different cultures, an implicit association test was conducted. The results showed that there was a significant interaction between money priming and culture. Negative implicit attitudes toward the elderly were stronger among Korean students in a money priming condition than among German students, while these cultural differences were not significant in a control condition. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the possibility that the activation of the concept of money associated with rash industrialization may impair people's ability to respect the elderly and elicit big changes in human behavior in Asian culture.
Abstract
This study examined the occupational outcomes of subjective well-being by using the two longitudinal data sets in Korea. The results showed that happy workers are more likely to be high performers on the subjective, objective and social indicators of job performance. Specifically, employees with high in positive affect were more likely to work harder, satisfy with their work performance and have higher level of positive job attitude and lower turnover intentions(Study 1). Also individuals with higher life satisfaction earned more money in 4 years later(Study 2). These beneficial effect of positive feeling and life satisfaction persisted even after controlling for initial job performance and demographic variables such age, sex, years of schooling, and job position. Finally, happy employees received relatively more favorable evaluations from supervisors and colleagues(Study 1). Overall, these results suggest that happiness increases workplace success.
Abstract
This study examined the eye movements differences between the reverse order and the chronological order statement condition to find out the effective eye movement index for detecting deception. Participants (49 university students) conducted the missions in computer lab. After conduction mock crime, they were randomly allocated to the reverse order or chronological order conditions. Using eye-tracker, we measured the eye movements during statement. Lie group showed shorter saccade duration than truth group at both reverse order and chronological order statement condition. Lie group also showed less blink than truth teller in chronological order state condition. However, there was no difference of eye movements between lie and truth group in reverse order condition. Reverse order group also showed more frequent eye blink and fixation than chronological order group. It was suggested that emotional anxiety during reverse order statement would influence the eye movement. This study found that short saccade duration and less eye blink could be the effective eye movement indexes for the detect deception.
Abstract
This study investigated dysfunctions of emotional recognition ability among child molesters and also explored their deviant preference to child related stimulus. For this purpose, ERT-R(Emotional Recognition Test-Revised) and KASI(Korean Assessment for Sexual Interest) were applied to assess sex offenders' response characteristics. 145 sex offenders were involved in this study, assigned to two different groups according to the age of victims; under the age of 13 versus 13 years or older. The analyses of variances presented significant differences between the two criterion groups, as expected. The child molesters whose victims were under 13 years old showed significantly lower emotional recognition ability than the child molester whose victims were 13 years of age or older. Also, that group of sex offenders considered as child molesters viewed significantly longer pictures of children compared to their correspondent group. In order to explore relative efficiency among predictors for distinguishing criterion groups, logistic regression analyses were produced. The results indicated viewing time on girls’ and male adults’ photo had strong efficacy to differentiate criterion groups. Child molesters watched girls’ photo longer but male adults’ photo shorter. However any scores of ERT-R did not produced significant results. Finally, these results were discussed for therapeutic purpose.
Abstract
Two questions about lay people’s judgment of self-defense plea were examined with trial scenarios based on actual criminal cases in which the defendants plead not guilty by reason of self-defense: (1) Whether legal culture or cultural style of attribution influences the lay judgment of self-defense; (2) Whether lay people use situational information to determine self-defense. From the responses of 202 Korean and 205 American college students, it was suggested that legal culture, but not the cultural style of attribution, exerts strong influences on the lay judgments of self-defense. It was also found that lay people, regardless of culture, incorporate situational information sensitively to arrive at a judgment of self-defense. Implications of the findings for jury trials in which the defendants claim self-defense were discussed.
Abstract
The present study assumes that individuals possess concrete scripts regarding appropriate ways of empathizing with others depending on the nature of the relationship with the target. It further assumes that people utilize these scripts in evaluating the appropriateness of a particular mode of empathy in a given interpersonal setting. Based on a pilot study examining college students' lay theories of empathy associated with varying degrees of relational closeness, we identified the depth of empathy as a key determinant of the appropriateness judgment. We hypothesized that deep (shallow) levels of empathy and corresponding expressions by the empathizer would be considered appropriate in a close (distant) relationship (expectancy-congruent empathy). In contrast, we expected that shallow (deep) levels of empathy and corresponding expressions by the empathizer would be considered inappropriate in a close (distant) relationship (expectancy-incongruent empathy). Accordingly, we predicted that expectancy-congruent empathy would lead to higher levels of relationship satisfaction than would expectancy-incongruent empathy. By manipulating the degree of relationship closeness with the target (close vs. distant) and the depth of empathy (deep vs. shallow), we found supportive evidence for our predictions both on the part of the target (Experiment 1) and the empathizer (Experiment 2). Implications of the findings and future directions were discussed.
Abstract
The emergence of Internet introduces a new social space for building and developing relationships. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of self-disclosure in offline and online spaces in the relationship between attachment styles and the relationship quality and the moderating role of self-disclosure in online space in influencing the mediation. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized a path model in which online/offline self-disclosure mediated attachment styles and the relationship quality. In addition, the model included the interacting effects of online and offline self-disclosures on the relational quality. A total of 1051 participants (males 44.5%, females 54.6%, unspecified 0.09%) were included with an age range between 20 and 39. participants completed self-report measures of adult attachment styles, perceived breadth and depth of online and offline communication, and relationship quality. Results supported the mediation effects of self-disclosures in offline and online spaces in the relationship between attachment styles and the relational quality. path coefficients of avoidant attachment style with both online and offline self-disclosures were negative, while path coefficients of anxiety attachment style with both self-disclosures were positive. In addition, the relationship between anxiety style and online self-disclosure was stronger than that between anxiety style and offline self-disclosure. Finally, the moderating effect of online self-disclosure on the relationship between offline self-disclosure and the relationship quality was significant. The implications and limitations were discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relations among personality, self-regulated motivation and academic engagement. Tow-hundred and sixty one college students completed instruments assessing personality(perfectionism, conscientiousness), self-regulated motivation(identified regulation, introjected regulation) and academic engagement. Structural analyses showed that perfectionism contributed positively to introjected regulation while conscientiousness contributed positively to identified regulation; identified regulation in turn contributed positively to academic engagement while introjected regulation had no effect on academic engagement. Tests for mediation showed that identified regulation mediated the direct effect conscientiousness had on engagement. These results explain how key personality constructs such as conscientiousness and perfectionism effect engagement-fostering motivational processes such as identified regulation and engagement- neutral motivational processes such as introjected regulation.