Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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- P-ISSN1229-0653
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.24 No.4
Abstract
This study compares the structure and meaning of interpersonal conflict resolution strategies and the degree to which are used in three countries: South Korea, Japan, and the US. It also focuses on gender differences in the adopted conflict resolution strategies. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, five-dimensional structure of conflict resolution strategies (avoiding, dominating, obliging, compromising, and integrating) was confirmed across the three countries. However, the meaning of each strategy varied according to the country’s cultural context. Specifically, the meaning of “avoiding” differed between individualist and collectivist nations. Further, the meaning of “compromising” differed between Korea and Japan. Second, the degree to which the aforementioned strategies were used differed across the three countries. The Koreans generally use the “dominating” or “obliging” strategy, whereas the Americans generally use the “compromising” and “integrating” strategies. Finally, as for gender differences, men and women used different strategies in conformance to their traditional gender roles. These results indicate that it is important to focus on the subculture of each individualist and collectivist culture.
Abstract
P300-based GKT(guilty knowledge test) has been suggested as an alternative approach for conventional polygraphy. The purpose of this study is to investigate event-related potentials using sentences in guilty and innocent subjects after performing a mock crime. The guilty subjects had concealed informations(probe) about the amount of stolen money and the place to hide a wallet. Event-related potentials were collected as participants performed visual Oddball task that required participants to press one button to target sentence and to press the other button to irrelevant and probe sentences. The sentences were presented in order of the subject, the object, and the predicate or in order of the object, the adverbial phrase, and the predicate. The statistical analysis of P300 elicited by probe stimuli of the object and the adverbial phrase which directly included concealed informations indicated that the guilty subjects showed significantly higher P300 amplitudes than the innocent subjects at the parietal area. P300 elicited by probe stimuli of the predicate which was presented after the object or the adverbial phrase and which did not contain concealed informations indicated that the guilty subjects showed significantly higher P300 amplitudes than the innocent subjects at the frontal area. These results support the hypothesis that the neural processes involved in the predicate as well as the object or the adverbial phrase in the probe sentences are specific in individuals with concealed informations.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the function of flow in relational context. Previous studies on the function of flow suggested that flow has a positive effect on personal growth and happiness. However, Previous studies were only focused on individual context and aspect of flow. However it was supposed that the function of flow could be changed according to the contexts, the present study focused relational function of flow. In study 1, moderate effects were found that significant other's approval/disapproval, regulation with significant other and self conscious emotion moderated relationship between on flow and happiness. In study 2, the reasons of disapproval on person's flow were that flow activities were not socially valuable and flow pursuing frequently violated relational expectancy. The Results of present studies suggested that the functions of flow could be changed and reconstructed along the contexts. Results of the present research had a valuable implication in that it is not sufficient to conduct a research on individual happiness and positivity only in individual context. Instead, It is necessary that individual positive concepts should be reappraised carefully in relational, interdependent, moral context.
Abstract
The present study presents the trends of value changes in Korea through the analyses of 1979, 1998, and 2010 survey data. In order to compare the data of three-wave surveys directly, the same value items were used in the 2010 survey as in 1998. Three items from each of the self- and family-centered individualism, anti-authoritarianism, assertiveness, uncertainty-avoidance, future orientation, gender equality, and rich life were selected. 800 Koreans (100 from each of 20's, 30's, 40's, and 50's males and females) were sampled from Seoul, 6 National Regional Cities, and proportional districts at Kyung-gi Province, and were surveyed through individual interviews. Results showed the greatest increase of ⑴ individualism emphasizing self and close family, and ⑵ egalitarian perspective toward women (permission of social activity, decrease of stick to chastity, etc.) between 1998 and 2010, as between 1979 and 1998. In addition, ⑶ the increasing tendency of assertiveness and anti-authoritarianism was a little weakened, because of a slight increase of humble attitudes toward the elderly. Interestingly, the 50's speed of change was a little faster than the 20's during the recent 12 years from 1998 through 2010, which resulted in somewhat decreased generational difference especially in the rapidly-changing value items. This result is different from that in 1998 survey, which had showed the faster change of 20's than 50's. It seems that during the recent 12 years (1998~2010) the 50's have been trying to adjust themselves to the widely-accepted values which had been led by the youngers during the previous 19 years (1979~1998). Relatively stable values which have gained support from over 50% of Koreans regardless of genders and generations throughout the investigated 30 years are also important as common ground of mutual communication for a united society.
Abstract
This study examined that the effects of shortened cognitive interview(SCI) on the recall of normal intelligent older(over 65 years old) eyewitness. Independent variables were age (younger adults/older adults.) and interviewing techniques(SCI: SI). Dependent variables were amount of informations(correct, incorrect, total). Participants watched same video clip, then they were tested by Korea Mini-Mental State Examination(K-MMSE). And they were divided by age(older/younger), each 2 groups were divided by different techniques(older*SCI, older*SI, younger*SCI, younger*SI). Then each 4 groups were interviewed. As a result, older*SCI group recalled significantly more correct, total informations than older*SI group, but there were not significantly difference in incorrect information. And 2 older adults groups recalled significantly less correct, incorrect, and total information than 2 younger adults groups. Implications of investigative practice, limitations of study, directions for future research were discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate through a laboratory experiment the effects of regulatory focus-fits among dyad and task demands upon partner choice in collective task. It was hypothesized that the higher the regulatory focus among self, partner, and task demands, the higher the choice as the participant's partner. The experiment was performed with 2 self-regulatory focus(promotion vs. prevention) × ⑵ regulatory focus-fits between self and partner(fit vs. nonfit) × 3 task demands(promotion vs. prevention vs. mixed strategy) randomized mixed factorial design. Self-regulatory focus was measured by two self-regulation scales and the participants with high-promotion or high-prevention focus were selected. Regulatory focus of two potential partners were manipulated by two questionnaires. The task demands were framed in terms of the task performance strategies. Ninety eight participants were randomly assigned to 6 conditions. The results of this study showed that the main hypothesis of regulatory-fits were confirmed: ⑴Participants chose good-fit partners more than poor-fit partners. ⑵Higher choice of good-fit partners was consistently observed among the participants with high-promotion focus in spite of differences in task demands. But choice of good-fit partners was differently appeared according to the task demands. ⑶Three way interaction effect of self-regulatory focus, self-partner regulatory fits and task demands were also found. The results of this study were discussed in terms of the regulatory focus-fit hypotheses and the limitations of this study and the suggestions for further study were added.