Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.21 No.3
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of a program for improving the self-esteem of fourteen juvenile delinquents in prison. The experimental group received a total of fifteen hours of treatment and no treatment was given to the control group. The program included the following：orientation and attitude test; vocational ethics and the meaning of one's job; awareness of one's self merit and importance; social perspectives and sympathy; expression of positive emotions; expression of negative emotions; anger management; impulse management; problem solving and stress management; and the ability to envision a mental picture of one's future and goals. The procedures for a program for improving the self-esteem included audio-visual materials and role-playing. The results indicated that the group assigned to a program for improving the self-esteem had higher self-esteem scores. The results suggest that the implementation of a program for improving the self-esteem has a positive impact for juvenile delinquents in prison.
Abstract
This study seeks to examine empirically students’ use of norms, both individual or self-norms and consciousness peer group norms, and the effect these have on individual behaviors, while focusing attention on student adaptation in class to other students and teacher instruction. Data were collected in 19 classrooms, with a total of 643 students (grades 7-8). The question sheet measured self-norms, consciousness toward group-norms, behavior frequency, teacher instruction, classroom adaptation. The calculated relative weight of self-norms, consciousness toward group-norms to behavior frequency when split into high and low levels of classroom adaptation, indicated that, in relation to consciousness toward group-norms and behavior frequency, the overall tendency was for relative weight figure to be high of consciousness toward group-norms in the low-groups relation to their teacher, and in the high-groups relation to their classmates. In this study it was found that, since a strong predictor of class adaptation was the performance of teacher instruction, importance needs to be placed on not only teacher instruction that heightens norm consciousness, but also instruction that increases class adaptability, when debating the control of problem behavior at school.
Abstract
This study provided a summary of existing research results on blood-groups typology and examined the relationship between blood groups and personality. Using a meta-analytic method, we computed scores that indicate the relationship between blood groups and each of five trait measures (introversion, leadership, emotional stability, logical thinking, and consideration). In addition to the behavioral data analyses, we reviewed prior research results based on biochemical and sociocultural data analyses. Biochemical peculiarities of ABO blood groups, relationships between blood groups and actions of neurotransmitters, and genetic effects of multiple alleles on blood groups were also discussed.
Abstract
The present research aims to investigate risk perception, value judgment, and gender effect on rape. For this purpose, two studies were conducted. Study 1 examined the risk perception of rape and gender effect of the perception. The results showed that respondents perceived rape as a serious crime, but its frequency estimation was not high. And the estimation of probability for others to become a rape victim was higher than the estimation for self. Moreover the estimation for women was higher than the estimation for men. In study 2, respondents were provided with four rape scenarios(homosexual / heterosexual rape), and asked to make value judgment regarding the severity of conduct and the degree of punishment and to attribute the offender's conduct and gender effect of those judgments. The results showed gender difference. In general, women showed sterner ethical standards, heavier sentencing, and less situational attribution than men did. Especially, women showed stronger gender effect on the case where a man raped a woman compared to other cases. However, men sentenced shorter sentence in the case where a woman raped a man compared to other cases. Finally, implications and limits of the study were discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the applicability of the Reality Monitoring method in judging the authenticity of statements. Compared to other statement analysis methods, the Reality Monitoring method is relatively an easy way for investigators to judge which statement is closer to the truth in the process of judging the authenticity of written statements. For this purpose, participants were divided into Imaginary Group and Video Group. Video Group was regarded similar to a real case. Video Group were told to reminisce after watching a 5-minute crime case, and Imaginary Group were imagine to do so after listening to the case. Later, statements of the participants were analyzed based on the standards of the Reality Monitoring method. And the data were analyzed with Logistic Regression. The result showed that the accuracy rate of classifying the participants into Video Group was 73.6%, and the accuracy rate of classifying the participants into Imaginary Group was 84.8%. The overall accuracy rate was 79.2%. The results of this research show that the Reality Monitoring method is helpful in judging the authenticity of written statements.
Abstract
Fredrickson and Losada(2005) have recently found that the positive (PA) to negative (NA) affect ratio of 2.9 or more is predictive of human flourishing. Potential cultural and individual differences of this phenomenon was examined among 143 Korean college students across three time periods. Three findings emerged. First, the positive to negative affect ratio of 2.45, instead of 2.9, was found among the flourishing group in this East Asian sample. Second, self-construal moderated the relation between PA, NA, and flourishing. PA was a better predictor of flourishing than NA among those with a salient independent self, whereas a reverse pattern occurred among those with a strong interdependent self. Finally, the longitudinal analyses suggested that reciprocal enhancement takes place between positivity ratio and flourishing over the course of 4 weeks.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the internal validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Teacher Rating Scale-Child Form of the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 (KBASC-2, TRS-C). The 139-items in the BASC-2, TRS-C were translated into Korean and back-translated before being tested in a pilot study. Based on the results from the pilot study and the suggestions from a team of clinicians, teachers, psychology and curriculum professors, and graduate students, the final Korean version was completed and was administered to a total of 631 children aged from 6 to 11 years. Results from the principal-axis and confirmatory factor analyses and the Cronbach coefficient alpha indicated that the Korean version of the BASC-2, TRS-C has good internal validity and reliability with both scales and composites measuring the constructs intended. Suggestions for follow up studies to investigate the effects of possible gender differences and to establish clinical norms are presented. A review of literature on the validity studies of other teacher-reported behavior measures as well as a detailed overview of the BASC-2 TRS-C are also included.
Abstract
The pattern of sex offences is getting more serious today in S. Korea. Analyzing the characteristics of sex offences, there are many types of sex offenders. So when legal dispositions is applied, subtypes of sex offenders need to be regarded as important matter. But legal dispositions discussed nowadays have not considered importantly the subtypes of sex offenders. This study was attempted to classify subtypes of sex offenders based on legal, psychological and psychiatric classifications. Understanding of subtypes of sex offenders will help Ministry of Justice applying various legal dispositions properly to sex offenders. Currently Ministry of Justice applies incarceration and probation to sex offenders as most usual form of dispositions. However, electronic monitoring and forensic psychiatric hospitalization for sex offenders will be applied additionally since the traditional dispositions were not strong enough. If legal dispositions for sex offenders became various, individualized dispositions could be applied for sex offenders with consideration of their risk types. This study therefore explored applicability of dynamic system for various legal dispositions with considering characteristics of sex offenders.