Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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- P-ISSN1229-0653
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-0653
Vol.23 No.2
Abstract
The present study examined if socio-relational meanings of money were different depending on payment form. We presented various scenarios of paying and receiving money and asked participants to choose either cash or check and to write down reasons for their choice. In study 1, participants were undergraduate students and they preferred paying check because check delivered the socio-relational meanings to recipients. This result suggests that the meanings such as social formality, respect, and sincerity are better conveyed by check, especially in the paying situations. In study 2, participants were white collar workers and the results were different from those of study 1. Contrary to the undergraduate students, the workers preferred paying cash because cash delivered the socio-relational meanings to recipients. This suggests that workers confer the socio-relational meanings to cash. The opposite results seem to come from different usage experiences of cash and check between the two groups.
Abstract
This study explored the components of positivity that help adult Koreans maintain a positive attitude toward the self and the society. Taking multiple perspectives was conceptualized as a core characteristic of positivity that enables one to find meanings in and/or to create meanings for the self and the society in which one lives. Thus positive cognitive tendencies such as taking multiple perspectives were hypothesized to promote self-acceptance, self-belief, self-control, adaptation to and acceptance of the society. Based on these conceptualizations of individuals' positivity, preliminary scale items were constructed, and development and validation of a positive attitude scale was attempted, using 352 college students and 401 adults. As expected, results of exploratory factor analyses revealed 6 factors, which were named as multiple perspectives, self-acceptance, self-belief, self-control, social adaptation, and acceptance of society. Among these factors, however, self-belief factor was excluded because its items were found to be loaded with other factors as well, and because results of confirmatory factor analyses supported 5 factors model better than the other one. The final 5 factor scale was found to be reliable in terms of internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and to be significantly correlated with similar positive traits of the self as well as with psychosocial well-being variables in an expected direction, suggesting that the scale has good construct and predictive validity. As for incremental validity, positive attitude scale augmented prediction of positive emotion and stress-related reactions beyond a self-esteem measure. Finally, implications and limitations of this study were discussed, and future directions for this line of research were suggested.
Abstract
The current investigation with two separate studies aimed：(a) to investigate the validity of the 3-factor structure of the Problem-Focused Style of Coping (PF-SOC, Heppner et al., 1995), (b) to identify clusters naturally generated on the basis of the extracted dimensions of coping styles in the PF-SOC, and (c) to examine the characteristics of the clusters on measures of procrastination and psychological distress. The results of Study 1(N = 248) provided support for the existence of three coping styles (reflective, suppressive, and reactive) and two clusters of people (reflective-coping group and maladaptive emotion-coping group) with the former group showing higher levels of self-esteem than the latter. The results of Study 2 (N=154) including preliminary cluster analyses revealed that the maladaptive emotion-coping group exhibited higher levels of procrastination as well as most of the indices of psychological distress (obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and Global Severity Index), compared to their counterpart. This study ends with implications, limitations, and suggestions for future studies.
Abstract
This study explored the factors influencing the Korean adolescents' attitude to minority groups. For this purpose, 3,185 Korean adolescents completed a questionnaire including measures such as authoritarian personality tendency, Korean identity, feeling of realistic conflict perception, and attitude to foreign laborers, the children of international marriage couples, North Korean refugee, and Chinese Koreans in Korea. As the results, realistic conflict perception was found as the most effective one among the three factors to explain the attitude to minorities in the Korean society. This results suggest that multicultural education for the Korean majority adolescents has to primarily focus not only on the feelings of realistic conflict perception but also on the vague fear toward minority groups by providing the objective information and neutral perspectives.
Abstract
In this study, we collected data about factors affecting attachment of older adult. Especially, we want to identify effects of need satisfaction and sense of control about attachment formation of older adults. And we want to identify moderating effects of need satisfaction and sense of control in relationship between attachment and subjective wellbeing. As has been predicted, subjective demographic variables such as self rated satisfaction about children, satisfaction about self health, satisfaction about family economic status were more important to attachment formation of older adult than objective demographic variables such as age, sex, education level, number of children. Need satisfaction and sense of control explained significantly secure attachment and anxious attachment after controlling demographic variables. Further, need satisfaction and personal control played a role as moderator variables between attachment and subjective wellbeing.
Abstract
Three studies examined that the effects of regional stereotypes on the linguistic expectancy bias based on the postulates of the Linguistic Category Model (LCM). More specifically, we examined in Study 1 whether Korean words could be separated into four language categories in terms of the level of abstraction. The results of Study 1 demonstrated that Korean words were successfully separated into four language categories according to the five criteria (concreteness vs abstractness dimensions) postulated by LCM. In Study 2, we presented a script which described the target person in a job interview situation, revealing the target's hometown region and behaviors which were either consistent or inconsistent with the regional stereotypes. We then asked the participants to recall and write down the behaviors and characteristics of the target person and analyzed these descriptions in terms of the four categories identified in Study 1. The result demonstrated that as expected, the target was described with more abstract terms rather than concrete terms when the target's behavior type was consistent with the regional stereotype. Study 3 attempted to replicate Study 2 with a more real-life like manipulation of the target's hometown region and the behaviors, by presenting a video tape in which the target responded to the questions of the interviewers in a job interview situation, instead of a written script. The results of Study 3 replicated the results of Experiment 2：the target was described with much more abstract terms than concrete terms when the target's behavior type was consistent with the regional stereotype. The results of Study 3 also demonstrated that the participants were more likely to internally attribute the stereotype-consistent behaviors than inconsistent ones, as well as to intend to employ the target in the former case than in the latter case. However, unlike the hypothesis, the behavioral intention of employment turned out not to be mediated by the language abstraction. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications of these results.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to classify the offense types of juvenile delinquents, compare the scores of the risk assessment tool and PAI among these types, and find the recidivism risk factors. First, 333 incipient juvenile criminals who had committed crime in the areas of Chungbuk and Daejeon were categorized into thief/violence/blackmailing group (the offense type) and the scores of th risk assessment tool and PAI were compared among the offense types. The results showed the significant differences among the offense types on the scores of the risk assessment tool, such as family functioning risk factor, school risk factor, delinquent risk factor, away-from-home risk factor, and personal risk factor. PAI scores among the offense types showed the significant differences on PIM (Positive Impression Management) of the validity scales, and AGG (Aggression), SUI (Suicide Ideation), ANX-C (Anxiety-Cognitive), ARD-T (Traumatic Stress), MAN-A (Activity Level), PAR-P (Persecution), and ANT-E (Egocentricity) of the treatment scales. It suggests that the risk factors and the personality traits among the offense types are distinguishable. Secondly, the juvenile recidivists among those who had been booked on the first offense were followed up to find out the relevant recidivism risk factors among the offense types. In case of thief offense group, delinquency-promoting factors, such as delinquent risk factors and away-from-home risk factors and predictor variables, in PAI, were ANX (Anxiety), SUI (Suicide Ideation), ANX-A (Anxiety-Affective), and PAR-P (Persecution). There were delinquency-enhancing factors, such as family structure risk factors, family history risk factors, school risk factors, and delinquent risk factors in case of violence group and predictor variables, in PAI scales, were DOM (Dominance), DEP-A (Depression-Affective), and PAR-P (Persecution). In case of blackmailing group, delinquent risk factors were predictor variables, in PAI, were INF (Infrequency), MAN (Mania), ANT (Antisocial Features), ANT-A (Antisocial Behaviors), STR (Stress), ARD-P (Phobias), and AGG-V (Verbal Aggression). These results as above suggest that the risk assessment tool and the PAI would predict the recidivism in juvenile delinquents.
Abstract
In the present study, we attempted to explain why people keep losing stocks too long (the disposition effect) with anticipated counterfactual regret. For this aim, we investigated what kinds of prefactual thinking people had when they had a losing stock facing potential loss (study 1) and whether anticipated counterfactual regret had influence on their investment decision (study 2). The results of study 1 demonstrated that people did various kinds of prefactual thinking facing a losing investment situation but that withdrawal regret was the most frequent type. The results of study 2 showed that people made decisions depending on what kind of anticipated counterfactual regret was felt more strongly. That is, those who felt the withdrawal regret more strongly decided to keep their stock, while those who felt the persistence regret more strongly decided to sell their stock. The effect of anticipated counterfactual regret was significant even after controlling related personal variables (e.g., self-enhancing bias, risk taking tendency). Finally, the implication of the results was discussed.
Abstract
This study was to investigate whether cultural differences of self-improvement, self-evaluation and self-enhancement motives exist between Korean and American samples. In addition, the effects of social comparison motives, and fulfillment level of the motives on subjective well-being were also explored. For this purpose, the scales of social comparison motive, fulfillment level of social comparison motive, and subjective well-being were developed in Korean, then translated into in English and performed to Korean and American college students. The results were as follows：Self-improvement, self-evaluation and self-enhancement motives were higher in Koreans than in Americans, especially the level self- improvement in Koreans was the highest. Also, the fulfillment level of self-improvement and self- evaluation were higher and cognitive and emotional well-being were lower in Koreans. In predicting subjective well-being, self-improvement motive had an important role in Korea, whereas self-evaluation motive did in Americans.
Abstract
This research examined the role of emotions associated with upward social comparison processes in Korean's lives. Three emotions, i.e., buroum (benign envy), sisem (malicious envy), and jiltu (jealousy) were compared. Especially, this research focuses on buroum, an equivalent to “benign envy,” and tries to demonstrate its distinct characteristics and its unique contribution to subjective well-being and psychological lives of Koreans. Compared to sisem or jiltu, buroum was found to be experienced more frequently and was perceived as more socially desirable; however, it was still negatively associated with psychological characteristics that were relevant to subjective well-being. Furthermore, examination on the perception of the comparison target indicated that buroum, compared to sisem, was directed toward someone who was close to them or whom they desired to be close. It suggests that buroum might serve a social function of managing relational harmony and strengthening social ties in interdependent culture. This research suggests to bring benign envy back into focus and emphasizes the necessity to understand the role and meanings of buroum in Koreans' affective experiences.
Abstract
This research examined the role of emotions associated with upward social comparison processes in Korean's lives. Three emotions, i.e., buroum (benign envy), sisem (malicious envy), and jiltu (jealousy) were compared. Especially, this research focuses on buroum, an equivalent to "benign envy," and tries to demonstrate its distinct characteristics and its unique contribution to subjective well-being and psychological lives of Koreans. Compared to sisem or jiltu, buroum was found to be experienced more frequently and was perceived as more socially desirable; however, it was still negatively associated with psychological characteristics that were relevant to subjective well-being. Furthermore, examination on the perception of the comparison target indicated that buroum, compared to sisem, was directed toward someone who was close to them or whom they desired to be close. It suggests that buroum might serve a social function of managing relational harmony and strengthening social ties in interdependent culture. This research suggests to bring benign envy back into focus and emphasizes the necessity to understand the role and meanings of buroum in Koreans' affective experiences.