Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.24 No.1
Abstract
The present study focused on investigating the validity of paired testing in an experimental situation. 19 pairs participated in a mock crime, with half of them in the truth-group and the other half in the lie-group. To generalize the results of the experiment, polygraph testing was conducted by the polygraph examiners of the Psychology Lab of the Supreme Prosecutor's Office. The results of the research revealed that when all 38 participants were judged, the accuracy rate of judgment was 86.5%, but when the six participants deemed “inconclusive” were removed from the analysis, the accuracy of judgment for the remaining 32 participants was 100%. The results of the present study provide objective evidence regarding the necessity of using paired testing in polygraph examinations involving cases where 2 individuals declare opposing statements.
Abstract
The present research is aimed at exploring the variables that are related to death attitude and death competency and examining the influence of death attitude on death competency. The purposes of the present research are to investigate the influence of demographics, personality, and ego-integrity on fear of death and death acceptance among the elders. Another purpose of the present research is to investigate the influence of death attitudes on death competency. Therefore, the multivariate analyses of the variance were conducted using 96 older adults, aged 61-86, to examine the influence of death attitude on death competency. Findings from a series of stepwise regression analyses indicated that demographics and personality factors contributed significantly to the explained variance in death attitude in the elders. With regard to death competency, conscientiousness among personality factors and ego-integrity were significant predictors. Also, the result showed that death fear and death acceptance had significant influences on death competency. In summary, findings from the present research confirmed the significant influence of demographics, personality factors and psychological adaptation indices on death attitude among the elders. Furthermore, the result supported the underlying assumption that death attitude, consisted of death fear and death acceptance, is a significant predictor on death competency. A number of limitations and implications of the present research were acknowledged and the suggestions for further research focusing on their practical importance on death education were discussed.
Abstract
We investigated what life regrets were among single women in their 30s, how cognitive and affective aspects of regret explained regret experiences (e.g., strength, frequency, and overall life regret), and how regret experiences affected subjective well-being (SWB). We also examined how goal reengagement affected SWB depending on age. The results were: (1) the most regretted life domain was education followed by career, marriage/romance, self development, and family, (2) cognitive and affective aspects of regret differentially explained regret experiences, (3) the level of education significantly explained life satisfaction (LS), positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA), and the lower overall life regret was, the higher LS and PA were and the lower NA was, and (4) there was an interaction between age and goal reengagement in explaining PA. We compared our results with the results from previous research and discussed their implications
Abstract
The present study investigated whether the magnitude of self-reference effects would differ for positive versus negative information as a function of self-positivity bias within a source monitoring paradigm. In Experiment 1 where a memory test immediately followed a learning phase, the size of self-reference effects was significantly larger for the positive words compared to negative words. This decrease in the magnitude of self-reference effects for negative words was found to be more pronounced in Experiment 2 where a 24-hour interval was introduced between learning and memory test phases: no self-reference effect for negative words. The present findings suggest that due to the self-positivity bias, the association between a memory and its source become systematically biased toward positivity when a memory is self-relevant as well as toward negativity when a memory is about others. Overall, the current findings provide support for the crucial role of memory in maintaining and enhancing positive self-image and further suggest that memory bias, which has mostly been discussed for its negative consequences, may serve a functionally adaptive role by enhancing individuals' positive self perception and subjective well-being.
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of sociotropy-autonomy on the subjective well-being of the prison inmates and how they influenced by anger and anger rumination. The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory(STAXI-K, Spielberger, 1988), Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale(SAS, Bieling, Beck, & Brown,2000), subjective well-being(Campbell, 1976 and Diener, 1984), Anger rumination scale(ARS, Sukhodolsky, Golub, & Cromwell, 2001)was used to measure level of state anger, traits anger, anger rumination, sociotropy and autonomy, subjective well-being of 245(207 responded) inmates. First, the relationship between anger and subjective well-being were computed using the data. Negative relationships were demonstrated between anger and subjective well-being. and the anger rumination was correlated negatively with the subjective well-being. Second, Negative relationships were demonstrated between anger rumination and subjective well-being. Third, regression analysis suggested that trait anger and anger rumination had a mediating effect between sociotropy and subjective well-being. Finally, Implications, limitations of this study and suggestions for the future study are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between student's academic burnout and personality factors based on Big Five, and to explain which personality factors influenced on academic burnout. The participants of this study were 447 middle school students. The results of multi-variate multiple regression analysis were as follow: extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability sub-scales of Big Five inventory were significantly related to exhaustion, cynicism, and academic inefficacy sub-scales in academic burnout inventory. While exhaustion were significantly related to emotional stability, cynicism and academic inefficacy were significantly related to conscientiousness. Implications and limitations were discussed based on the results of this study.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of emotion expressivity and ambivalence over emotion expressiveness on the subjective well-being in later life. 214 older adults(m=72.83, sd=5.55) were participated in this study. Emotional expressivity, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, and subjective well-being were measured and analyzed. In results, there was no gender difference in emotional expressivity. However, old women experience more ambivalence over emotional expressiveness than old men. The hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that economic status, positive expressivity, and negative expressivity significantly predict old men's subjective well-being and positive expressivity and ambivalence over emotional expressivity significantly predict old women's subjective well-being. The important meanings of emotional expressivity and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness over quality of elderly's emotional life were discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes toward the immigrant employees of Koreans by the demographic characteristics, influence of realistic conflict perception, perceived economic level, and subjective well-being, and the interaction effect between realistic conflict perception and subjective well-being. For the purpose, 1,600 adults who are 30 years old and over completed a questionnaire including measures such as feeling of realistic conflict perception, subjective well-being, perceived economic level, and the attitude toward the immigrant employees. The results were as followed. First, subjective well-being was the most effective factors in positive cognitive and emotional attitude toward immigrant employees, but realistic conflict perception was the most effective in negative cognitive and emotional attitude. Second, perceived economic level influenced to negative cognitive attitude and positive and negative emotional attitude. Third, the interaction effect between realistic conflict perception and subjective well-being appeared in positive cognitive and emotional attitude, but not in negative attitude. Fourth, the interaction effect of subjective well-being was appeared differently in cognitive and emotional attitude toward immigrant employees.
Abstract
The study aims at mapping out social service programs through women performed the surgery to remove their breast cancer by examining the quality of their lives and grasping their needs for social support. Post-mastectomy women cannot help experiencing loss of their feminity and physical pains. Not only that, but they should face recognition of death, social gaze and so on. These various experiences caused by their physical change are inevitably reflected in their body image. It, therefore, can be said that their body image is closely connected with recognition of their own body as well as the quality of their actual lives. The changes which women might experience after surgery have usually negative influence on their lives. Researches on women's breast cancer have been made focusing on the one-dimensional body image, that is, loss of their feminity after their breast cancer surgery. Recent researches on the same subject, however, trend to handle various aspects of their body image. The study also inquires their body image and needs for social support, the quality of their lives, and etc. through women performed their breast cancer surgery. The main results of the study are as follows. First, after their breast cancer surgery women think of physical suffering and possibility and fear of death. The thing that is the most important in the process of medical care is their psychological comfort. And it is then necessary that they get disease-related information or knowledge. Second, six sub-elements of body image such as body stigma, arm concern, body concerns, vulnerability, limitation, and transparency show negative image by high degree of above the average. The element which affects the body image most is the method of surgery. Third, the body image gives more accurate explanations for the quality of their lives than other elements. On the basis of the results, it suggests the necessary policy of social support for women who undergo mastectomy to improve the quality of their lives as 'Look good and feel better', 'Information about what to expect and about symptom prevention and management' and ' for the existential body, 'Active listening to fears and concerns and providing assistance as needed' according to complexity of body image.
Abstract
This study explored the effects of rapport on the amount of statements in investigative interviewing. Independent variables were time in establishing the rapport, rapport groups were divided into 4 group(0, 5, 10, 15 minutes group). Dependent variables were amount of correct, incorrect, and total(correct+incorrect) informations in statements of the participants. In order to make participants conducted both suspect and witness' roles, we set particular situation that computer got froze when participants were typing chinese character text which is not familiar to the students in Korea. Interviewer was establishing rapport for each group and conducting same standard interview to elicit the participant's voluntary statements. Participants were self-reported the strengths of comfortableness of the before and after rapport treatment. Participants were 89 undergraduate students of K university in Kyonggi. 3 rapport groups reported significantly more correct, total informations than no rapport group, but four groups were not significantly different in incorrect information reporting. And 15 minutes rapport group reported significantly more correct, total informations than 5 minutes rapport group. Implications of investigative practice, limitations of study, directions for future research were discussed