This study was examined the attachment and marital satisfaction in twenty-five psychiatric patients(depression 9, anxiety disorder 12, alcohol dependency 1, bipolar disorder 1, delusional disorder 1, schizophrenia 1) and thrity-eight normal subjects. As a result, normal person's attachment-intimacy degree related Global Distress(GDS), Affective Communication(AFC), Problem Solving Communication(PSC), Disagreement About Finances(FIN), Sexual Dissatisfaction(SEX), Conflict Over Child Rearing(CCR). And normal person's attachment-anxiety related Global Distress(GDS), Dissatisfaction With Children(DSC), Conflict Over Child Rearing(CCR). psychiatric patients' attachment-intimacy degree was related Global Distress(GDS). With afterwords it is same From the comparison the marital satisfaction of normal person and the psychiatric patients. psychiatric patients' attachment-anxiety degree was significantly higher than normal person. Normal persons' attachment-dependancy and attachment-intimacy degree was more elevated than psychiatric patients. However, even not significant. Marital satisfaction in psychiatric disorder is following. The dissatisfaction of psychiatric patient was significantly higher than normal person in Global Distress(GDS), Problem Solving Communication(PSC), Sexual Dissatisfaction(SEX), and Conflict Over Child Rearing(CCR). The dissatisfaction of psychiatric patient was higher normal person in Affective Communication( AFC), Disagreement About Finances (FIN), and Dissatisfaction With Children(DSC). These findings indicated that "attachment-intimacy" is closely related to degree of marital satisfaction. It was studied marrital satisfaction with single dimension until recently. However, this study was evaluated multiple dimension. And it probably means what kind of attachment factor gives an effect it researched. Therefore, When applying a research result in. the next couple treament, each dimension it fractionates a especially couple problem and approaches.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between behavior problem reported by parents, the level of depression and anxiety in 1,518 Korean children aged 9-12 years. The K-CBCL(Child Behavior Checklist) was requested from the parents in order to investigate reported behavioral problems of a community sample of children. To assess the level of depression and anxiety the Korean version of the Children's Depression Inventory(CDI) and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) was used. The depression and anxiety score measured by the self-report was analyzed and children scored higher than 10%ile based on early investigators data was identified as high risk group. As a result of F-test, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, total behavior problems, and all subscales in K-CBCL revealed significant mean difference between high risk and normal group. And the results of logistic regression analysis shows that the level of depression was predicted by age, family structure and total behavior problems score whereas the level of anxiety was predicted by anxious/depressed, thought problems, and emotional lability scale. In conclusion, it is inferred that childhood depression is different from children's anxiety in many aspects, and clinicians have to consider a child's self report regarding depression or anxiety disorder in addition to multiple psychosocial factors as important information for diagnosis and intervention.
This research looks at problems married people face over their married life in various family life periods. In this study, the problems are looked at in more detail utilizing the Korean-Marital Satisfaction Inventory, K-MSI. In particular, this research attempts to understand marriage problems from a new angle by observing these problems according to the changes in family life periods. The subject of this research was 330 married men and women who had some degree of dissatisfaction in their married lives. The following is the summary of the research. First, from observing the overall degree of marriage satisfaction according to the family life periods, it was shown that the dissatisfaction was the lowest among the newly weds and it increased as coupled progressed onto the later stages. Second, when we looked at overall degree of dissatisfaction in married men and women according to the family life periods, women showed higher degree of dissatisfaction than men overall. Thirdly, the following shows the result of observing K-MSI lower area according to background variables. These various results show that the areas affecting the degree of marriage satisfaction for couples vary greatly according to the family situation and family periods that the couples are in. Therefore, it is important to attempt to understand marriage issues in light of the family, society and cultural environments surrounding the couple which change dynamically, rather than understanding the issues merely from the immediate relationship between the couple.
The purpose of these study was to examined the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction-Korean(MBSR-K) Program on emotional response in College students. The measurement scale for these study was Beck Anxiety Inventory, beck Depression Inventory, and the Positive Affection and Negative Affection Scale. Study 1 was to examined the effect of MBSR-K program on anxiety, depression, positive affection and negative affection. This scale was measured before, after, and 8 monthly follow-up the MBSR-K program. The results of the study 1 were as follows. First, anxiety, depression and negative affection score decreased in MBSR group compared to the control group at post-test and follow-up test. Second, There was significant group difference in anxiety, depression and negative affection score at post test. Third, positive affection score increased in MBSR-K group at post and follow-up test compared to before test. Study 2 was to investigated the effect of MBSR-K program on test anxiety. The scale was measured before the MBSR-K program and during the test. The results of sudy 2 were anxiety, depression and negative affection score increased significantly in the colntrol group compared to the MBSR-K group. There was significant group difference in anxiety, depression and Negative affection score during the test. No significant change or different were found for positive affection. The findings were discussed the effect of MBSR-K and recommendations for further research.
In this study, we compared the differences in stresses and psychological adjustments between the children of divorce and the children in intact families. We also investigated the differnces in the moderating effect of parental attitudes on the relationship between stresses and psychological adjustment. Furthermore, in case of divorced group, we tested moderating effect of fear of abandoment on the relationship between stresses and psychological adjustments. We found that the children of divorce had a higher stress level, perceived parental attitudes more negatively and suffered more psychological maladjustments such as somatic complaints, anxious/depressed symptoms than the children in intact families. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the parental warmth and supervision factors moderated the negative relationship between stressful life event and anxious/depressed symptoms significantly in the group of children of divorce, but insignificantly in the group of children in intact families. In the group of children of divorce, the fear of abandonment factor was found to moderate the negative relationship between life stresses, anxious/depressed symptoms and delinquent behaviors significantly. It is suggested that the fear of abandonment is a factor more important than parental attitudes in the treatment of psychological maladjustments of the children of divorce.
In this study, we compared the differences in stresses and psychological adjustments between the children of divorce and the children in intact families. We also investigated the differnces in the moderating effect of parental attitudes on the relationship between stresses and psychological adjustment. Furthermore, in case of divorced group, we tested moderating effect of fear of abandoment on the relationship between stresses and psychological adjustments. We found that the children of divorce had a higher stress level, perceived parental attitudes more negatively and suffered more psychological maladjustments such as somatic complaints, anxious/depressed symptoms than the children in intact families. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the parental warmth and supervision factors moderated the negative relationship between stressful life event and anxious/depressed symptoms significantly in the group of children of divorce, but insignificantly in the group of children in intact families. In the group of children of divorce, the fear of abandonment factor was found to moderate the negative relationship between life stresses, anxious/depressed symptoms and delinquent behaviors significantly. It is suggested that the fear of abandonment is a factor more important than parental attitudes in the treatment of psychological maladjustments of the children of divorce.
This paper reviews research articles to find psycho-social risk markers related to dating violence according to Riggs & O'Leary's model of dating violence. And this paper addresses variety of operational definition of dating violence and early studies of dating violence. In addition, prevalence of dating violence is reviewed. Riggs & O'Leary's model has proposed 7 variables related to dating violence. They are model of aggression in intimate relationship, parental aggression toward child, accept aggression as a response to frustration/conflict, pathology, arousability/ emotionality, aggressive/impulsive personality, prior use of aggression. This model served as a theoretical framework for interpreting studies. The discussion addressed limitations of this model and implications of the findings for future research.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of weight/body shape related private/public self-attention and weight on restrained eating and binge eating. Major results of a survey based on the responses of 411 young female(276 normal weight, 135 overweight) in Daegu and Kyungbook area are summarized as follows. Overweight group revealed higher scores on weight/body shape related private/public self-attention, restrained eating, and binge eating than normal weight group. As anticipated, weight/body shape related private/public self-attention was positively correlated with restrained eating and binge eating. And weight/body shape related private self-attention only have significant effect on restrained eating, but both weight/body shape related public self-attention and weight/body shape related private self-attention have significant effect on binge eating. Similar results are obtained when the participants are divide! into normal weight and overweight group. Based on these results, constructing efficient diet program and therapeutic method of eating disorder are discussed.
The purposes of this study were to investigate (1) emotion and coping in romantic jealousy for different sexes (2) correlations among impulsiveness, self-esteem, sex-role, emotion and coping (3) the effects of impulsiveness, self-esteem, and sex-role on emotion and coping. Participants were 523 undergraduate students. They were administered with questionnaires about brief scenario(about romantic jealousy), emotion, coping, impulsiveness, self-esteem, and sex-role. The factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis on the data were administered. The results of this study are: Firstly, emotions in romantic jealousy were categorized into two factors(anger/aggression and loss/depression). And the copings in romantic jealousy were categorized into three factors(aggressive coping, problem solving coping, and passive coping). Secondly, women experienced more anger/aggressive emotions than men, and they used both aggressive and passive coping strategies more than men. Thirdly, the correlations between impulsiveness and anger/aggression, impulsiveness and aggressive coping were significant, respectively. Finally, anger/aggression emotion and aggressive coping were influenced by feminity. More discussions about these results and further research ideas were suggested.
Positive thinking is defined as cognitive attitude and coping style accepting self and circumstances positively and pursuing personal growth. This study aimed to develop the Positive Thinking Scale(PTS) for Korean normal population measuring positive thinking. In Study I, 145 college students completed 25 preliminary items and other self-report inventories. An exploratory factor analysis yielded 2-factor solution- “personal satisfaction”(13 items) and “goal pursuit”(5 items), and the final 18-item scale was constructed. Initial examination of reliability and validity indicates good internal consistency, stability and encouraging evidence of validity. Study II examined the validity of the PTS using 409 national-wide adult sample. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the previous two factor model in Study I is valid. In addition, results revealed acceptable reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. Overall, the results provide Positive Thinking Scale has adequate psychometric characteristics, and has potential utility for positive psychology researchers. Suggestions for further research are discussed.
This study aims to explore the relationship of between elderly people's mental health and quality of life, and to examine the affects of social economic status factors on the quality of life of elderly people. The SCL-90-R test and subjective quality of life scale were conducted on 137 people who were 60 years of age and older. Results indicate that there is a negative between quality of life and the symptoms of psychiatric problems in the elderly. Specifically, somatization, obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, depression, hostility, paranoia, psychoticism, and GSI in the SCL-90-R were negatively correlated with life satisfaction and positive emotion, but were positive correalted with negative emotion. The results of this study indicated that economic status, and the score of the GSI on the SCL-90-R, were an independent predictor of the quality of life for the elderly. Thus, the result of this study suggests that a proper psychological program and active socioeconomic intervention are needed elderly people.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of anxiety sensitivity and coping on the perception of pain and galvanic skin response. Initially, A total of 712 undergraduate students completed Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised(Taylor & Cox, 1998b). Of these, 90 people with non-chronic pain syndrome were selected and divided into higher and lower anxiety sensitivity group based on anxiety sensitivity scores. Then, participants were tested individually at laboratory with their own sessions for approximately twenty minutes. Half of the low and high anxiety sensitivity groups were randomly instructed to focus on cold pressor pain sensations. The remaining were instructed to distract pain sensations. The results of the study are as follows. First, individuals high in anxiety sensitivity reported greater affect pain ratings than those low in anxiety sensitivity. But higher anxiety sensitivity group did not show significantly greater sensory pain and galvanic skin response than lower anxiety sensitivity group. Second, individuals in the sensory-focused coping condition did not report greater sensory and affect pain, compared to those in the distraction coping condition. However, the sensory-focused coping group showed greater galvanic skin response to the cold pressor pain than the distraction coping group. Third, interaction between anxiety sensitivity and coping condition was not significant. The results of the current study clearly confirm that anxiety sensitivity plays an important role the experiences of pain, especially affect pain. Distraction increased galvanic skin response to pain, whereas sensory focusing decreased galvanic skin response to pain. the study suggests that the sensory focusing as an intervention might be especially useful in individuals with pain complaints.
The purpose of this study was to develop an Emotion Management Training Program for parents and to investigate its efficacy. The program was composed with Mindfulness meditation and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy. The two approaches was chosen to help the parent aware their emotion more clearly, reducing conflicts and establishing problem solving skills. The result showed that the training for observing ones emotions as it were and solving the problems could help parents in three ways : the training was helpful for parents to aware their emotion more clearly; to reduce the conflicts and regrets over their coping strategies and to express or communicate their emotions more effectively; to be emotionally more composed and stable, thinking more positively and more likely to find various alternations. Further analysis by Consensual Qualitative Research showed that emotion observing and problem solving experiences had sequential effects on the parents' emotional, cognitional, and behavioral changes. Unfinished Experiences had effects on the parents' cognitional changes through interactions within the group. The implication of this study is to confirm the hypothesis that the parents' emotion management skills can be improved through specific training designed to observe ones emotion non-judgementally. This study also merits in empowering the power of inner healing by focusing on helping the parents' to manage their emotion and to foster problem solving skill by themselves.
The purposes of the study are to find out adolescents' psychological characteristics such as self-concept, attachment, self-controllability, and impulsivity for the cellular phone addiction. The subjects were 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade of 515 high school in seoul, kyoung-gi region and used cellular phone. According to the cellular phone addiction test, this study defined the cellular phone addiction group(n=136) as upper 25%, the non - addiction group(n=130) as lower 25%. The results of the study are as follows: As a result of t-test, a significant difference was found in psychological characteristics between addiction group and non-addiction group. In case of self-concept, addiction group showed lower score in the rest of four subtypes except interpersonal relationship. Addiction group showed higher mean score in attachment-dependence and attachment-anxiety; however, it showed lower mean score in attachment-close. In addition to, Addiction group presented lower Self-controllability and higher impulsivity than non-addiction group. Finally, the step-wise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that impulsivity most effectively explained the cellular phone addiction. attachment -anxiety and attachment-dependence were significant variables explaining for cellular phone addiction. According to the results, adolescent who used addictively cellular phone are dependent, and anxiety, and have low self-controllability and high impulsivity. to understand the psychological mechanism for reason that they use cellular phone addictively and to develop an effective plan to decrease negative using of cellular phone. Among those results, self-concept and impulsivity is similar to other results of behavior addition studies. Thus, it is necessary to study more about those elements and to intervene adolescent's unstable psychological characteristics.
The purpose of this study was to examine effects of the impulsivity and anxiety on gambling with Corr's the joint subsystems hypothesis. The present study was conducted with both questionnaire and experiment methods. In the questionnaire study, 713 undergraduates completed the K-BIS/BAS Scale. In the experiment study, 148 participants were selected and divided into four groups, representing the possible combinations of high and low scores on the K-BIS/BAS; the anxious group(HA, 26 participants), the impulsive group(HI, 26 participants), the anxiety and impulsive group(HA/HI, 60 participants), the non-anxiety and impulsive group(LA/LI, 36 participants). The participants completed the K-GABS and K-NODS. The result of questionnaire study were as follows; the HA/HI group was high in the gambling affinity. And HA/HI group was high in the gambling problems groups. In the experiment study, 82 subjects played a slot machine game in laboratory. Independent variables were groups. Dependent variable was a chasing assessed by the betting money and numbers of game. In the result of experiment study, there were no significant differences between groups in chasing including the betting money and numbers of game. There was significant differences between gander in the betting money. In conclusion Corr's the joint subsystem hypothesis was not confirmed in this study.
In this study, a translated version of Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire(FFMQ) originally developed by Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, & Toney(2006) was applied in an effort to investigate its psychometric properties. The reliability and validity tests are performed using the Korean version of Five-factor mindfulness questionnaire for the university student and adult sample. In a similar way as the original version, a five factor structure(nonreactivity, observing, acting with awareness, describing, & non judgment) is found in exploratory factor analysis, with high internal consistency. Hierarchical confirmatory factor analyses suggested that at least four of the identified factors except non-judgment factor are components of an overall mindfulness construct. Findings suggest that conceptualizing mindfulness as multifaceted construct is helpful in understanding components and its relationships with other variables.